Exam 2 Content Support Drawings & Outlines Flashcards
What 3 structures make up the brainstem?
1) midbrain
2) pons
3) medulla oblongata
All cranial nerves emerge from the ventral brainstem except:
-CN I and II emerge from the ___________________
-CN IV emerges from the tectum (dorsal part) of __________
-the spinal part of CN ______ emerges from C1-C5 spinal cord segments
prosencephalon, midbrain, XI
CN I consists of nerve fibers in the….
cribriform plate of the ethmoid b.
CN IV represents the border between the….
midbrain and pons
CN V emerges from the pons and has 3 divisions. What are they?
1) ophthalmic (V1)
2) maxillary (V2)
3) mandibular (V3)
The basilar sulcus of the _______ houses the basilar a. on the basilar plexus of veins on the basilar process of the occiput
pons
What are the cranial nerves from medial to lateral at the pontomedullary junction?
CN VI, VII, and VIII
What are the cranial nerves found posterolaterally to the olive on the medulla?
CN IX, X, and XI
What cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen with the IJV?
CN IX, X, and XI
What cranial nerve is found anteromedially to the olive on the medulla?
CN XII
What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?
1) olfactory (smell) n.
2) optic n.
3) oculomotor n.
4) trochlear n.
5) trigeminal n.
6) abducens n.
7) facial n.
8) vestibulocochlear n.
9) glossopharyngeal n.
10) vagus n.
11) spinal accessory n.
12) hypoglossal n.
The internal carotid a. terminates into 3 branches. What are they?
1) anterior cerebral a.
2) middle cerebral a.
3) posterior communicating a.
The basilar a. is formed by the union of the…
R/L vertebral arteries
The pons of the brainstem lies over the _________ a.
basilar
Which artery usually branches from the anterior inferior cerebellar a. but sometimes from basilar a.?
labyrinthine a.
What are the terminal branches of the basilar a.?
posterior cerebral arteries
The vertebral arteries originate from the ____________ and ascend through the transverse foramen of ________ and then enter the foramen magnum
subclavian arteries, C6-C1
Which artery usually branches from the vertebral a. but sometimes from the posterior inferior cerebellar a.?
posterior spinal a.
The dural venous sinuses drain blood from the brain into the….
IJV (note: they do not have a tunic media)
the _________________ of dural venous sinuses is an expended area that receive blood from the superior sagittal, straight, 2 transverse, and occipital sinuses
test q
confluence
The great cerebral v. + inferior sagittal v. = ?
test q
straight sinus
The superior perosteal sinus + transverse sinus = ?
test q
sigmoid sinus
The sigmoid sinus + inferior perosteal sinus
= ?
test q
IJV
The ________ receives blood from the dural venous sinus network and is the main venous drainage of the brain
IJV
The ______ exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with CN IX, X, and XI
IJV
What does CN III (oculomotor n.) innervate?
eye muscles including the levator palpebrae superioris
except LR6SO4- lateral rectus is innervated by CN VI and superior oblique is innervated by CN IV
What does CN IV (trochlear n.) innervate?
superior oblique m.
What does CN V (trigeminal n.) innervate?
-sensory innervation to the face
-general senses to anterior 2/3 tongue
-muscles of mastication
-neck (anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid)
-tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles
What does the abducens n. (CN VI) innervate?
lateral rectus m.
What does the facial n. (CN VII) innervate?
Test q
-muscles of facial expression
-neck (posterior belly of digastric m. and stylohyoid m.)
-taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue
What are the functions of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.)?
Vestibular part = equilibrium
Cochlear part = hearing
What does CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) innervate?
-general sensory and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
-carotid (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors)
-stylopharyngeal m. (Test q)
What does the vagus n. innervate?
-aorta
-palate muscles (except tensor veli palatini)
-palatoglossus m. (tongue)
-all pharyngeal muscles except stylopharyngeal m.
-all laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid m. which is innervated by superior laryngeal n. and all others are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n. branch)
What does CN XI (spinal accessory n.) innervate?
SCM and traps
What does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) innervate?
All tongue muscles except palatoglossus m.
Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component?
CN III, VII, IX, and X
What is the aperture for CN I?
Cribriform plate (ethmoid b.)
What is the aperture for CN II?
Optic canal (sphenoid b.)
What is the aperture for CN III, IV, part of V (V1), and VI?
Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid b.)
What are the apertures for each division of the trigeminal n.?
V1= superior orbital fissure (sphenoid b.)
V2= foremen rotundum (sphenoid b.)
V3= foremen ovale (sphenoid b.)
What are the apertures for CN VII?
Internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen of temporal b.
What is the aperture for CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.)?
internal acoustic meatus of the temporal b.
What is the aperture for CN IX, X, and XI?
jugular foramen (temporal and occipital b.)
What is the aperture for CN XII?
hypoglossal canal (occipital b.)
Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal midbrain (tectum) and lies in the border between the midbrain and pons?
CN IV
The skin of the external ear and external acoustic meatus are innervated by CN…
V, VII, IX, and X
The inner surface of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is innervated by ________, and the outer surface by ________ with small contribution from CN V
CN IX, CN X
