Exam 2 (Chpts 5-9) Flashcards
1
Q
customer relationship management (CRM)
A
A systematic tracking of consumer’s preferences and behaviors over time to tailor the value proposition as closely as possible to each individual’s unique wants and needs
2
Q
mar-tech
A
Short for “marketing technology,” this term is commonly used to denote the fusion of marketing and technology. A particular focus is placed on the application of marketing through digital technologies
3
Q
one-to-one marketing
A
Facilitated by CRM, one-to-one marketing allows for customization of some aspect of the goods or services that are offered to each customers
4
Q
touchpoint
A
Any point of direct interface between customers and a company (online, by phone, or in person)
5
Q
marketing automation
A
A group of systems and technologies that can be used to establish a set of rules for handling different marketing related processes in an automated fashion
6
Q
share of customer
A
The percentage of an individual customer’s purchase of a product that is a single brand
7
Q
Big Data
A
A popular term to describe the exponential growth of data-both structured and unstructured- in massive amounts that are hard or impossible to process using traditional database techniques
8
Q
Internet of things
A
Describes a system in which everyday objects are connected to the Internet and in turn are able to communicate information throughout an interconnected system
9
Q
web scraping
A
The process of using computer software to extract large amounts of data from websites
10
Q
sentiment analysis
A
The process of identifying a follower’s attitude (e.g., “positive,” “negative,” or “neutral”) toward a product or brand by assessing the context or emotion of his or her comments
11
Q
scanner data
A
Data derived from items that are scanned at the cash register when you check out with your loyalty card
12
Q
channel partner model
A
A relationship between channel partners in which a two-way exchange of information between purchasing organizations and their respective vendors is facilitated through shared or integrated IT systems.
13
Q
information overload
A
A state in which the marketer is buried in so much data that it becomes nearly paralyzing to decide which of the data provide useful information and which do not.
14
Q
data mining
A
Sophisticated analysis techniques to take advantage of the massive amount of transaction information now available
15
Q
structured data
A
Data that (1) are typically numeric or categorical; (2) can be organized and formatted in a way that is easy for computers to read, organize, and understand; and (3) can be inserted into a database in a seamless fashion
16
Q
data warehouse
A
A system to store and process the data that result from data mining.
17
Q
unstructured data
A
Nonnumeric information that is typically formatted in a way that is meant for human eyes and not easily understood by computers
18
Q
emotion analysis
A
A sophisticated process for identifying and categorizing the emotions a follower possesses in relation to a product or brand by assessing the content of that communication
19
Q
data scientist
A
An individual who searches through multiple, disparate data sources to discover hidden insights that will provide a competitive advantage.
20
Q
Marketing analytics
A
A group of technologies and processes that enable marketers to collect, measure, analyze, and assess the effectiveness of marketing efforts.
21
Q
digital marketing channels
A
The paths of distribution through which a company’s digital marketing communications can be delivered to reach their respective audiences.
22
Q
A/B Test
A
A method to test the effectiveness of altering one characteristic of a marketing asset (e.g. a web page, a banner advertisement, or an e-mail.)
23
Q
cost-per-click
A
An online ad purchase in which the cost of the advertisement is charged only each time an individual clicks on the advertisement and is directed
24
Q
cost-per-impression
A
An online ad purchase in which the cost of the advertisement is charged each time the advertisement shows up on a page that the user views
25
search engine optimization (SEO)
A systematic process to ensure that your firm comes up at or near the top of lists of typical search phrases related to your business.
26
Landing page
A single page on a website that is built for a particular direct marketing opportunity
27
predictive analytics
Uses large quantities of data within variables that have identified relationships to more accurately predict specific future outcomes.
28
Churn rate
The percentage of a company's customers (for a given span of time) who by the end of that time span can no longer be considered customers of the company (e.g. because they have canceled their contract for a service or they have stopped shopping t the related retail location).
29
marketing metrics
Specific measures that help marketers watch the performance of their marketing campaigns, initiatives, and channels and, when appropriate, serve as a control mechanism
30
click-through
A metric that indicates the percentage of website users who have decided to click on an advertisement to visit the website or web page associated with it.
31
conversion
Signifies an event that occurs on a web page that indicates the meeting of a predefined goal associated with the consumer's interaction with that page
32
cost-per-order
the cost of gaining an order in terms of the marketing investment made to turn a website visitor into a customer who has chosen to make a transaction
33
margin of sales
The difference between the price at which a product is sold and the cost of the product
34
Consumer behavior
The process involved when individuals or groups select purchase use and dispose of goods services ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and desires
35
Involvement
the relative importance of perceived consequences of the purchase to a consumer
36
Perceived risk
The belief that choice of a product has potentially negative consequences with their financial physical or social
37
Problem recognition
The process that occurs whenever the consumer sees a significant difference between his or her current state of affairs and some desired or ideal state this recognition initiates the decisionmaking process
38
Information search
The process whereby a consumer searches for appropriate information to make a reasonable decision
39
Evoked set
All of the alternative brands are consumers aware of when making a decision
40
Consideration set
The alternative brands of consumer seriously considers in making a decision
41
Comparison-shopping agents or shopbots
Web applications that help online shoppers find what they’re looking for the lowest price and provide customer reviews and ratings of products and sellers
42
Determinate attributes
The features most important to differentiate and compare among the product choices
43
Evaluative criteria
The dimensions consumers used to compare competing product alternatives
44
Compensatory decision rules
The methods for making decisions that allow information about attributes of competing products to be averaged in someway
45
Hueristics
A mental rule of thumb that leads to a speedy decision by simplifying the process
46
Brand loyalty
A pattern of repeat product purchases, accompanied by an underlying positive attitude towards the brand, based on the belief that the brand makes product superior to those of its competition
47
Consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction
The overall feelings or attitude a person has about a product after purchasing it
48
Cognitive dissonance
The anxiety or regret a consumer may feel after choosing from several similar attractive choices
49
Perception
The process by which people select, organize, and interpret information from the outside world
50
Exposure
The extent to which is stimulus is capable of being registered by a person sensory receptors
51
Subliminal advertising
Supposedly hidden messages in marketers’ communications
52
Attention
The extent to which a person about mental processing to a particular stimulus
53
Multitasking
Moving back-and-forth between various activities such as emails TV instant messages and so on
54
Rich media
A digital advertising term for an ad that includes advanced features other elements like video and audio that encourage viewers to interact and engage with the Content
55
Interpretation
The process of assigning meaning to a stimulus based on prayer associations a person has with it and assumptions here she makes about it
56
Motivation
An internal state that drives us to satisfy needs by activity goal oriented behavior
57
Hierarchy of needs
An approach that categorizes motives according to five levels of importance the more basic needs being on the bottom of the hierarchy in the higher needs at the top
58
Gamification 
Strategy in which market as a player game design techniques often by awarding of points badges or levels to nongame experiences to engage consumers
59
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior Cosby required information or experience
60
Behavioral learning theories
Series of learning that focus on how consumer behavior is changed by external events or stimuli
61
Classical conditioning
The learning that occurs when a stimulus eliciting a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not un a a response on its own but will cause a similar response overtime because of it’s association with the first stimulus
62
Operant conditioning
Learning that occurs as a result of rewards or punishments
63
Data brokers
Company that collect information on consumers use it to create detailed profiles of individuals and sell or share the information with others
64
Cognitive learning theory
Three of learning that stresses the importance of internal mental processes and that Views people as problem-solved who actually use information from the world around them to master their environment
65
Observational learning
Learning that occurs when people watch the actions of others a note what happens to them as a result
66
Attitude
I learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to stimuli on the basis of relative lien during a valuations of people objects and issues
67
Affect
The feeling component of attitudes; refers to the overall emotional response a person has to a product
68
Sadvertising
Advertising design to arouse more negative emotions to get our attention and create a bond with their products
69
Cognition
The knowing component of attitudes refers to the beliefs or knowledge a person has a better product and it’s important characteristics
70
Behavior
The doing component of attitude; involves a consumers intention to do some thing, such as the intention to purchase or use a certain product
71
Personality
The set of unique physiological characteristics that consistently influences the way a person responds to situations in the environment
72
Self-concept
An individual self image that is composed of a mixture of beliefs, observations, And feelings about personal attributes
73
Family life cycle
Means of characterizing consumers within a family structure of the basis of different stages through which people pass as they grow older
74
Lifestyle
The pattern of living that determines how people choose to spend time, money, and energy and that reflects our values, taste, and preferences
75
Psychographics
Do use of psychological, sociological, and anthropological factors to construct market segments
76
Activities, interests, and opinions (AIOs)
Measures of consumer activities, interest, and opinions used to place consumers into dimensions
77
Sensory marketing
Marketing techniques that link distinct sensory experiences such as unique fragrance with a product or service
78
Sensory branding
The use of distinct sensory experience is not only to appeal to customers but also to enhance their brand
79
Time poverty
Consumers believe that they are more pressed for time than ever before
80
Culture
The values, beliefs, customs, and taste a group of people values
81
Subculture
A group within a society whose members share a distinctive set of beliefs, characteristics, or common experiences
82
Micro cultures
Groups of consumers who identify with a specific activity or art form
83
Consumerism
A social movement that attempts to protect consumers from harmful business practices
84
Conscientious consumerism
Continuation of the consumerism movement in which consumers are more mindful of environmental issues in their daily purchases in marketer support consumerism issues in their advertising
85
Social class
The overall rate or Social standing of groups of people within a society according to the value of sine two factors such as family background, education, occupation, and income
86
Status symbols
Visible markers that provide away for people to flat to their membership in higher society classes (or at least to make others believe they are members)
87
Mass class
The hundreds of millions of global consumers who now enjoy a level of purchasing power that’s sufficient to let them afford high-quality products – except for big ticket items like college educations, Housing, or luxury cars
88
Reference group
An actual or imaginary individual or group that has a significant effect on an individual’s evaluation, aspirations, or behavior
89
Opinion leader
A person who is frequently able to influence others attitudes or behaviors by virtue of his or her active interest and expertise in one or more product categories
90
Gender roles
Societies expectations regarding the appropriate attitudes, behaviors, and appearance for men and women
91
Business to business (b2b) markets
The group of customers that includes manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and other organizations
92
Organizational markets
Another name for business to business markets
93
Producers
The individuals and organizations that purchase products for used in the production of other goods and services
94
Resellers
The individuals and organizations that buy finished goods for the purpose of reselling renting or leasing to others to make a profit and to maintain their business operations
95
Government markets
The federal state county and local governments that buy goods and services to carry out public objectives and to support their operations
96
 North American industry classification system (NAICS)
 Numerical coding system that the United States Canada Mexico used to classify firms into detail categories according to their business activities
97
Derived demand
Demand for businesses or organizational products cause by demand for consumer goods or services
98
Joint demand
Demand for two or more goods that are used together to create a product
99
Inelastic demand
Demanding exchanges in price have little or no effect on the amount demanded
100
Buy class
One of three classifications of business buying situation that characterizes the degree of time and effort required to make a decision
101
Straight rebuy
Buying situation in which business buyers make routine purchases that require minimal decision making
102
Modified rebuy
I’m buying situation classification used by business page to categorize a previously made purchase that involves some change and that requires limited decision making
103
new task buy
A new business to business purchase that is complex or whiskey and that requires extensive decision making
104
Buying center
the group of people in an organization who participate in a purchasing decision
105
Product specifications
A written description of the quality size weight and other details required of a product purchase
106
Customer reference program
Formalized process by which customers for malicious success stories and actively recommend products to other potential clients usually facilitated through an online community
107
Single sourcing
The business practice of buying a particular product from only one supplier
108
Multiple sourcing
The business practice of buying a particular product from several different suppliers
109
Reciprocity
Trading partnership in which to firms agree to buy from one another
110
Outsourcing
The business buying process of obtaining outside vendors to provide goods or services that otherwise might be supplied in-house
111
Off shoring
A process by which companies contract with companies or individuals and remote places like China or India to perform work they used to do at home
112
Reverse marketing
A business practice in which a buyer firm attempt to identify suppliers who will produce products according to the buyers firms specifications
113
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce
Online exchanges between companies and individual consumers
114
Intranet
An internal corporate communication networks that uses Internet technology to link company department employees and databases
115
Extranet
A private corporate computer network that links company department employees and databases to suppliers customers and others outside the organization
116
Malware
Software designed specifically to damage or disrupt computer systems
117
Firewall
A combination of hardware and software that insures the only authorized individuals gain entry into a computer system
118
Encryption
The process of scrambling a message so that only another individual or computer with the right key can unscramble it
119
Market fragmentation
The creation of mini consumer groups due to a diversity of the stick needs and wants in modern society
120
Target marketing strategy
Dividing the total market into different segments on the basis of customer characteristics selecting one or more segments in developing products to meet the needs of the specific segments
121
Segmentation
The process of dividing a larger market into smaller pieces based on one or more meaningfully shared characteristics
122
Segmentation variables
Dimensions that divide the total market into fairly homogeneous groups, each with different needs and preferences
123
Demographics
Statistics that measure observable aspects of a population, including size, age, gender, ethnic group, income, education, occupation, and family structures
124
Generational marketing
Marketing to members of a generation, who tend to share the same outlook, values, and priorities
125
Generation Z
The group of consumers born after 1994
126
Digital natives
Individuals who spend a big chunk of their time online, so they expect Brands engage them into a digital conversations
127
Generation Y (millennials)
The group of consumers born between 1979 and 1994
128
Generation X
The group of consumers born between 1965 and 1978
129
Baby boomers
The segment of people born between 1946 and 1964
130
Metrosexual
A straight urban male who is keenly interested in fashion home design gourmet cooking and personal care
131
Buying power
I concept and segmentation that can help marketers to develop how to better match different products and versions of products to different consumer groups based on an understanding of what discretionary and non-discretionary allocation define slayer able to make
132
Content marketing
The strategy of establishing thought leadership in the form of bylines, blogs, commenting opportunities, videos, shareable social images, and info graphics
133
Cultural diversity
Management practice that an actively Six to include people of different sexes, racist, ethnic groups, and religions in an organizations employees customers suppliers in distribution channel partners
134
Geographic segmentation
An approach in which market is Taylor they are offering specific geographic areas because people’s preferences often vary depending on where they live
135
Geographic information system (GIS)
A system that combines a geographic map with digitally store data about consumers in a particular geographic area
136
Geodemography
A segmentation technique that combines geography with demographics
137
Geo targeting
Determining the geographic location of a website visitor and delivering different contact to the visitor based on his or her location
138
Micro marketing
The ability to identify in target very small geographic segments that sometimes amount to individuals
139
Psychographics
Do use of psychological sociological an anthropological factors to construct a market segments
140
Vals
Psychographic segmentation system that divides US adults into eight groups according to what drive some psychologically as well as by the economic resources
141
Gamer segment
A consumer segment that combines a psycho graphic/lifestyle component with a heavy dose of generational marketing
142
Badge
A mile stone a reward earned by progressing through a video game
143
Behavioral segmentation
A technique that divides consumers into segments on the basis of how they act towards feel about her use a good or service
144
80/20 rule
A marketing rule of thumb that 20% of purchases account for 80% of a product sales
145
Usage rate
A measurement that reflects the quantity purchased or frequency of use among consumers of a particular product or service
146
Long tail
How do approach to segmentation based on the idea that companies can make money by selling small amounts of items that only a few people want provided they sell enough different items
147
Usage Occasions
An indicator used in behavioral market segmentation based on when consumers use a product most
148
Organizational demographics
Organization specific dimensions that can be used to describe classify an organized different organizations for the purpose of segmenting business-to-business market
149
Targeting
A strategy in which marketers evaluate the attractiveness of each potential segment and deciding which of these groups they will invest resources to try to turn them in to customers
150
Target market
The market segments on Wishon organization focuses its marketing plan and toward which it directs its marketing efforts
151
Segment profile
A description of the typical customer in a segment
152
Undifferentiated targeting strategy
Appealing to a broad spectrum of people
153
Differentiated targeting strategy
Developing one or more products for each of several distinct customer groups and making sure these offerings I kept separate in the marketplace
154
Concentrated targeting strategy
Focusing affirmed efforts on offering one or more products to a single segment
155
Customize marketing strategy
An approach that Taylor specific products and the messages about them to individual customers
156
Mass customization
And approach that modifies a basic good or service to meet the needs of an individual
157
Positioning
Developing a marketing strategy to influence our particular market segment perceives a good or service in comparison to the competition
158
Positioning statement
An expression of a product positioning that is internally developed and maintained in order to support and develop of marketing communication that articulates the specific value offered by a product
159
Repositioning
Redoing a product position to respond to marketplace
160
Retro brands
I want popular brand that has been revive to experience a popularity come back after by writing a wave of nostalgia
161
Brand personality
A distinctive image that captures a goods or services character and benefits
162
Brand anthropomorphism
The assignment of human characteristics and qualities to a brand
163
Perceptual map
A technique to visually describe where brands are located in consumers mind relative to competing brands
164
Attributes
Include features functions benefits and uses of a product. Marketers view products as a bundle of attributes that include the packaging brand-name benefits and supporting features in addition to a physical good
165
Good
A tangible product that we can see touch smell here or taste
166
Core product
Are the benefits the product will provide for consumers of business customers
167
Actual product
The physical good or the delivery service that supplies the desired benefit
168
Augmented product
The actual product plus other supporting features such as warranty credit delivery and installation and repair service after the sale
169
Durable good
Consumer products that provide benefits over a long period of time such as cars furniture and appliances
170
Nondurable goods
Consumer products that provide benefits for a short time because they are consumed such as food or no longer useful such as newspapers
171
Convenience product
Consumer good or service that is usually low priced widely available and purchased frequently with a minimum of comparison and effort
172
Staple products
Basic or necessary items that are available almost everywhere
173
Consumer packaged goods (CPG) or fast moving consumer goods (FMCG)
A low cost good that is consumed quickly and replaced frequently
174
Impulse products
A product people often by on the spur of the moment
175
Emergency products
Products with purchase one we are in dire need
176
Shopping products
Goods and services for which consumers spent considerable time and effort gathering information and comparing alternatives before making a purchase
177
Specialty products
Goods or services that have unique characteristics in a important to the buyer and for which here she would have a significant effort to acquire
178
Unsought products
Goods or services for which consumer has little awareness or interest until the product or a need for the product is brought to his or her attention
179
Equipment
Expensive good set an organization uses and it’s daily operations that last for a long time
180
Maintenance repair and operating (MRO) products
Good start a business consumer consumes in a relatively short time
181
Raw materials
Products of the fishing lumber agricultural and mining industries that organizational consumers purchase to use in their finished products
182
Processed materials
Product created when a firm transforms raw materials from the original states
183
Specialized services
Services that are essential to the operation of an organization but are not part of the production of a product
184
Component parts
Manufactured goods subassemblies finished items that organizations need to complete their own products
185
Innovation
A product that consumers perceived to be new and different from existing products
186
Creativity
Phenomenon whereby something new and valuable is created
187
Continuous innovation
Modification of an existing product that sets one brand apart from its competitors
188
Knock off
A new product that copies with slight modification the design of an original product
189
Dynamically continuous Innovation
A change in an existing product that requires moderate amount of learning or behavior change
190
Discontinuous innovation
I totally new product that creates major changes in the way we live
191
Convergence
The coming together of two or more technologies to create a new system with greater benefits than it separate parts
192
Research and development
Well defined in systematic approach to have innovation is done within the firm
193
New-product development
Faces by which firms develop new products including Idea generation Product concept development in screening marketing strategy development business analysis technical development test marketing and commercialization
194
Idea generation Ideation
Phase of product development which Mark Tracie as a variety of sources to come up with a great new product ideas that provide customer benefits that are compatible with the company mission
195
 Value Cocreation
The process by which benefits based value is created third collaborative participation by customers and other stakeholders in the new product development process
196
Product concept development in screening
The second step of product development in which marketers test product ideas for technical in Commercial success
197
Technical success
Indicates that a product concept is feasible purely from the standpoint of whether or not it is possible to physically develop it regardless of whether it is perceive to be commercially viable
198
Commercial success
Indicates that a product concept is feasible from the standpoint of whether the firm developing the product believes that there is or will be sufficient consumer demand torrent its development an entry into the market
199
Business analytics
the step in the product development process in which marketers access products commercial viability
200
Technical development
The step in the product development process in which company engineers refining perfect a new product
201
Proto types
Test versions of the proposed product
202
Patent
Illegal mechanism to prevent competitors from producing are selling an invention aimed at reducing or eliminating competition in the market for a period of time
203
Market test or test market
Testing the complete marketing plan in a small geographic area that is similar to the larger market The Firm hopes to enter
204
Simulated market test
Application of a special computer software to imitate the introduction of a product into the marketplace allowing the company to see the likely impact of Prescotts a new packaging or even to determine where in the store he should try to place the product
205
Commercialization
The final step in the product development process in which a new product is launched into the market
206
Crowdfunding
Online platforms that allow thousands of individuals to each contribute small amounts of money to find a new product from the start up company
207
Product adoption
the process by which a consumer or business customer begins to buy and use a new good service or idea
208
Diffusion
The process by which the use of a product spread throughout the population
209
Tipping point
In the context of product effusion the point when a product sales spike from a slow claim to unprecedented new level
210
Adoption pyramid
Reflects how a person goes from being unaware of an innovation through stages from the bottom up of awareness interest evaluation trial adoption and confirmation
211
Media blitz
Mass of advertising campaign that occurs of a relatively short timeframe
212
Impulse purchase
Purchase made without any planning or certain effort
213
Beta test
Limited release of a product especially an innovative technology to allow usage and feedback from a small number of customers were willing to test the product under normal every day conditions of use
214
Bleeding edge technology
An innovative technology that is not yet ready for release to the market as a whole potentially because of issues related to reliability instability but it is in a suitable state to be offered for beta testing to evaluate consumer perceptions of his performance identify any potential issues and its usage
215
Innovators
The first segment roughly 2. 5% of a population to adopt a new product
216
Early Adopters
Those who adopted an innovation early in the diffuseion process but after the innovators
217
Early majority
Those whose adoption I have a new product signals a general acceptance of the innovation
218
Late majority
The adopters who are willing to try new products when there is little or no risk associated with the purchase when the purchase becomes an economic necessity or when there is social pressure to purchase
219
Laggards
The last consumers to adopt an innovation
220
Relative advantage
The degree to which a consumer perceives that a new product provide superior benefits
221
Compatibility
The extent to which new product is consistent with existing cultural values customs and practices
222
Complexity
The degree to which consumers find a new product or it’s used difficult to understand
223
Trialability
The ease of sampling a new product at its benefits
224
Observability
How visible a new product in his benefits or to others who might adopt it
225
Product management
The systematic and usually team-based approach to coordinating all aspects of a product strategy development and execution
226
Product line
Affirms total product offering design to satisfy single need or desire of target customers
227
Product line length
Determined by the number of separate items within the same category
228
Stock keeping unit
Unique identifier for each distinct product
229
Cannibalization
The loss of sales of an existing brand for the new item in a product line or product family is introduced
230
Product mix
The total set of our products affirm offers for sale
231
Product mix width
The number of different product lines the firm produces
232
Product quality
The overall ability of the product to satisfy customer expectations
233
Total quality management
Management philosophy that focuses on satisfying customers through empowering employees to be an active part of continuous quality improvement
234
Internal customers
Coworkers to interact to harbor the attitude and belief that all activities ultimately impact external customers
235
Internal customer mindset
An organizational culture in which organization members treated each other as valued customers
236
ISO 9000
Criteria developed by the international organization for standardization to regulate product quality in europe
237
Six sigma
A process whereby firms work to limit product effects to 3.4 per million or fewer
238
Product life cycle
The concept that explains how products go through for distinct stages from birth to death introduction growth maturity and decline
239
Introduction stage
The first stage of the product life cycle in which slow growth follows the introduction of a new product in the marketplace
240
Growth stage
The second stage of the product life cycle during which consumers accept the product and sales rapidly increase
241
Maturity stage
The third stage and longest stage in the product lifecycle during which sales peak and profit margin’s narrow
242
Decline stage
The final stage of the product life cycle during which cells decreases customer needs change
243
Brand
Name a term assemble or any other unique element of a product that identifies one firms products and sets it apart from the competition
244
Trademark
The legal term for a brand name Brand Mark or trade character trademarks legally registered by a government obtain protection for exclusive use in that country
245
Brand equity
The value of a brand to an organization
246
Brand meaning
The beliefs and associations that a consumer has about the brand
247
Brand storytelling
Compelling stories told by marketers about browns to engage consumers
248
Brand extensions
A new product sold with the same brand name as a strong existing brand
249
Brand dilution
A reduction in the value of a brand typically driven by the introduction of a brand extension that possesses attributes the adversely contrast with the current attributes consumers associate with the brand
250
Sub branding
Creating a secondary brand with an a main brand that can help differentiate a product line to a desired target group
251
Family brand
I Brandon a group of individual products or individual brands share
252
National or manufacturer brands
Brands that the product manufacturer owns
253
Private label brands
Bran said a certain retailer distributor owns and sells
254
Generic branding
The strategy in which products are not branded and I saw that the lowest price possible
255
Licensing
An agreement in which one firm sells another firm the right to use a brand name for a specific purpose and for a specific period of time
256
Cobranding
Agreement between two brands to work together to market a new product
257
Ingredient branding
A type of branding in which Brandon materials become a component parts of other branded products
258
Package
The covering or container for a product that provides product protection facilitates product use and storage and supplies important marketing communication
259
Universal product code
I said a black bars or lions printed on the side or bottom of most items sold in grocery stores and other mass merchandise outlets that correspond to unique 10 digit number
260
Sustainable packaging
Packaging that involves one or more of the following: elements of the packaging that can be produced from previously used materials, elements of the packaging that use materials in the development that can be re-purposed after used, the use of materials that require fewer resources to cultivate, and the use of materials and processes that are generally less harmful to the environment
261
Copycat packaging
Packaging design to mimic the look of a similar or functionally identical national branded product often meant to lead the consumer to receive the two products is comparable
262
Brand manager
An individual who is responsible for developing and implementing the marketing plan for a single brand
263
Product category manager
Individuals who are responsible for developing and implementing the marketing plan for all the brands and products with a product category
264
Market manager
An individual who is responsible for developing and implementing marketing plans for products sold to a particular customer group
265
Venture teams
Groups of people within an organization to work together to focus exclusively on the development of a new product
