Exam #2 Chaperts 1-4 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A
It is a form of government in which monarchs have less political power then the parliament
2
Q
What was patroonship?
A
A Dutch system of granting tracks of land in New Netherlands to encourage colonization
3
Q
How did the English colonies in New England differ from the settlements in the Chesapeake Bay?
A
They were founded by puritans seeking religious freedom
4
Q
Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity?
A
Jesuits
5
Q
Which colony was established as part of the vision for ideals born out of the Age of Reason?
A
Georgia
6
Q
What was a maroon community?
A
A group of runaway slaves
7
Q
What was the middle passage?
A
The transatlantic journey that African slaves made to America
8
Q
What was the Dominion of New England?
A
The consolidated New England colony James II created
9
Q
What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?
A
Tobacco
10
Q
The founders of the Plymouth colony were:
A
Puritans
A group of English settlers led by William Bradford known as the “Pilgrims”
11
Q
What was the vision for “A City Upon a Hill”?
A
To become the new English Israel where Protestantism would be reformed.
12
Q
What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania?
A
Quakerism
13
Q
What does the term “Restoration” refer to?
A
The restoration of King Charles II to the English throne
14
Q
What was the goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?
A
Reducing the threat of French privateers
15
Q
Who was the Pueblo leader who led his people in resisting the Spanish?
A
Pope
16
Q
Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?
A
To defend against imperial challengers
17
Q
Which of the following was NOT a root cause of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars?
A
The kidnapping and subsequent execution of Pocahontas
Causes:
Native resistance as a result of English intrusion on their land
The refusal of the English to follow the Native protocol of gift giving
The pressure that the English put on the Powhatan to convert to Christianity
18
Q
What was the First Great Awakening?
A
A Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experimental faith over book learning
19
Q
What did the Navigation Acts do?
A
Allowed the English to tax goods in the colonies
Discouraged trade with other nations
Were intended to strengthen trade between England and its colonies
20
Q
The Negro Act or 1740 was a reaction to ________?
A
The Stono Rebellion
21
Q
What was the “conspiracy” of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741?
A
Slaves conspiring to burn down the city and take control of
22
Q
What is chattel slavery?
A
People are treated as personal property to be bought and sold
23
Q
What was the primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?
A
Former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory
24
Q
What was the primary goal Britain’s wars for the empire from 1688 to 1763?
A
Greater power in Europe and the world
25
Who were the main combatants of the French and Indian wars?
Great Britain against the French and their Indian allies
26
What economic activity was banned in the colonies under the mercantilist system?
Trading with any other nations besides that of their colonial masters
Exporting of goods on foreign ships
Manufacturing
27
Which modern city is the site of the once thriving Aztec city of Tenochtitlan that was renamed by Spanish explorers?
Mexico City
28
Which battle decimated the Crusader forces and helped Saladin recapture Jerusalem?
Battle of Hattin
29
What tactic did Ferdinand and Isabella use to bring city states under a central authority?
The strategic marriages of their children
30
What was the basis of the Cahokia economy?
Agriculture/Farming
31
The city of _____ became a leading center of Muslim scholarship and trade?
Timbuktu
32
What is the Reconquista?
A major Christian holy war to slowly push the Muslims from Spain
33
How many men were in Cortes’ expedition to Mexico against the Aztec empire?
More than 500
34
What action by de Landa most hindered the later studies of historians and archeologists interested in Mayan culture?
He collected and burned every codex he could find.
35
The New York Harbor was initially explored by Henry Hudson in search of _______________?
The northwest passage to Asia
36
Which empire did Mansu Musa rule over?
Mali Empire
37
What early English colony was deemed a “lost colony” due to the seeming disappearance of its colonists?
Roanoke
38
Why didn’t England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the 16th to the early 17th centuries?
English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland
39
Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration?
Portugal
40
What caused social and economic devastation across Europe in the mid 14th century?
The Bubonic Plague or the “Black Death”
41
What year was the edict issued that expelled all Muslims from Spain?
1609
42
Which of the following was NOT a ship in Columbus’s original expedition?
The three original ships were:
Nina
Pinta
Santa Maria
43
Who led the Christian forces against the Muslims at the battle of Tours?
Charles Martel, nicknamed “the Hammer,”
44
________ was founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 as part of New France.
Quebec
45
What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?
Trading, especially for furs
46
What act is prohibited when pilgrims enter Mecca in a state of ihram?
Cutting their hair or nails
47
Why did smallpox effect the Natives peoples so badly?
They had no immunity to the European diseases
48
What was the name of the system whereby a Spaniard was assigned the task of ‘protecting’ a group of Indigenous people in the Spanish colonies?
Encomienda
49
_________ became wealthy trading with the East following Crusades.
Venice
50
King Solomon was central to Jewish religion because he __________.
Was the last king of a united Israel
51
Which of Henry’s wives was the mother of future Elizabeth I?
Anne Boleyn
52
Which crusade did Richard take part in?
Third Crusade
53
How could Spaniards obtain Encomiendas?
Conquering new territories in the name of the Spanish Crown
54
Which is the present day name of the Leif Ericson’s Vinland?
Newfoundland
55
According to one version why did the Aztecs themselves kill Moctezuma?
Because they were enraged by his lack of strong leadership
56
What were the specific places that Marco Polo claimed to have visited?
India, Tibet, Burma, Xanadu, Hormuz, Shengdu, Indonesia, Armenia, Afghanistan
57
Who wielded the most potential power and influence in feudal Europe?
The Pope
58
What initially drove Henry’s interests in exploring the coast of West Africa?
He wanted to conquer the Saharan trade routes
59
In what year did Muhammad and his followers leave Mecca to go to Medina?
622
60
What was the chief goal of the puritans in the 16th century?
To eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England
61
Where did the Protestant Reformation begin?
Wittenberg, Germany when Martin Luther posted his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of the Castle Church on October 31, 1517
62
The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the holy lands from Muslims was known as ___________?
The Crusades
63
How many Europeans are estimated to have died as a result of the Black Death?
One-third of the population or more than 20 million
64
What motivated Spain to fund Columbus and other explorers?
Isabella, her Christian zeal was the prime motivating factor as she imagined her faith spreading to the East
Ferdinand, the more practical of the two, the motivation was to acquire wealth from trade
65
What was the Great Schism?
The separation or excommunication of the eastern and western Catholic churches
a Western Roman Catholic Church, under the Pope in Rome
an Eastern Orthodox Church, led by the Patriarch of Constantinople (a title roughly equivalent to the Pope)
66
What cash crop became the first truly global commodity?
Tobacco
67
Which of the following best describes the Colombian Exchange?
An exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas
68
Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?
The Incas
69
Which culture left a record of their history in the form of codices (folding books)?
The Mayans
70
Which culture served as the foundation from which the Mayan and Aztec cultures evolved?
The Olmec
71
Which of the following Native peoples built homes in the form of cliff dwellings that still exist?
The Anasazi
72
In 1492 the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either covert or leave.
Jews and Muslims
73
During the Italian renaissance Miguel de Cervantes wrote what famous book about fanciful gentlemen who read so many tales of chivalry that be became unable to tell fantasy from reality?
Don Quixote
74
Of the following which is not an example of the outcome of the Spanish exploration in Spain?
Introduction of the Nahuatl language in Spanish schools
Outcomes were:
Increased wealth
Spreading of new ideas & perspectives
Blooming of culture & arts
75
What battle turned the tide of war in favor of the Americans?
The Battle of Saratoga
76
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Rights and Grievances?
To point out the unconstitutionally of taxation without representation
77
What were the goals of the Stamp Act?
To raise revenue to pay off British Debt from the French and Indian war
To gain control of the colonies
To raise revenue for British troops stationed in the colonies
78
Which city served at the base for British operations for most of the war?
New York
79
How did the British general Thomas Gage attempt to deal with the uprising of Massachusetts in 1774?
He attempted to seize arms and munitions from the colonial insurgents
80
The “middle ground” in the western frontier referred to a common meeting ground that the British, French, and Spanish found with Native people prior to the French and Indian war?
True
81
What was the outcome of Pontiac’s Rebellion (as far as the colonies were concerned)?
It incited deep racial hatred among the colonists against Native Peoples
82
For which of the following activities were the Sons of Liberty responsible?
The hanging and beheading of a stamp commissioner in effigy
83
What important role did the Daughter of Liberty play in protesting British oppression?
They exercised the “power of the purse” by boycotting British goods
84
What was the main purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?
It strengthened enforcement of molasses smuggling laws
85
What was cause of the British National Debt in 1763?
The French and Indian War and the continued British military presence in the American colonies
86
What was the purpose of the Quebec Act?
To expand the boundaries of Quebec and extend religious tolerance to the Roman Catholics in the province
87
Which of the following measures was not part of the Coercive Acts (1774) instituted by Parliament in response to the colonial unrest in Massachusetts?
The Sugar Act added additional taxes onto popular luxury items still in great demand in the colonies
Measures were:
The Boston Port Bill shut down Boston Harbor until the East India Company was repaid
The Massachusetts Government Act placed the colonial government under the direct control of the crown officials and made traditional town meetings subject to the governor’s approval
The Administration of Justice Act allowed the royal government to unilaterally move any trial of a crown officer out of Massachusetts
The Quartering Act encompassed all the colonies and allowed British troops to be housed in the occupied buildings
88
Which colony provided the basis for the Declarations and Resolves?
Massachusetts
89
What was decided at the First Continental Congress?
To boycott all British goods and prepared for military action
90
What led to the end of the British siege in Boston?
The colonial militia held strategic fortifications
91
Which of the following was not a result of Dunmore’s Proclamation?
A majority of slaves in the colonies won their freedom
92
Which event was most responsible for the colonies endorsement of Samuel Adam’s Massachusetts Circular?
Lord Hillsborough’s threat to dissolve the colonial assemblies that endorsed the letter
93
What were the goals of the Townshend Acts?
Higher taxes
Greater British control over the colonies
Reduce power of the colonial governments
94
What were the main terms of the treaty of Paris?
Removal of loyalists from the colonies
95
What was the function of Castle William, located on a Boston harbor island?
To serve as a fort for British soldiers
96
Which American general is responsible for improving the American military position in the South?
Nathaniel Greene
97
Which of Alexander Hamilton’s financial policies and programs seemed to benefit speculators at the expense of poor soldiers?
The public credit plan
98
What did the Shawnee prophet, Tenskwatawa (brother of Tecumseh), encourage Native people in the Western Confederacy to do?
To revive Native cultural practices and reject Anglo-American culture
99
What event inspired “The Star-Spangled Banner”?
The British bombardment of Baltimore
100
What prompted the Embargo of 1807?
The British navy captured American ships on the high seas and impressed their sailors into service for the British
101
According to Thomas Jefferson, which group(s) of people held the key to the success and longevity of the American republic?
White male property owners and yeoman farmers
102
By what terms did the 1790 Naturalization Acts define citizenship?
Race
103
What state’s constitution permitted unmarried women who owned property to vote until 1807?
New Jersey
104
While wealthy merchants and planters formed the core of the Federalist leadership, members of the Democratic-Republican societies in cities like Philadelphia and New York came from the ranks of _______________.
Artisans
105
To what form of government did the American Revolutionaries turn after the war for independence?
Republicanism
106
What were the major Terms of Jay’s Treaty of 1794?
It gave America ships the right to trade with in the West Indies
It stipulated that the US would repay their debts from the revolutionary war
British withdrawal from military posts in the Northwest Territory
Estabmishment of joint commissions to resolve boundary disputes between the US and Canada
US promising to remain neutral in the ongoing war between Britain and France
107
During the debate over the new constitution, what did the Anti-Federalists argue to support their resistance to the document?
That the Constitution would consolidate all power to the national government and disempower states
108
How was the U.S. constitution ratified?
By each state at special ratifying conventions
109
Which state had the clearest separation of church and state?
Virginia
110
Despite the heated debates over slavery, the institution still existed in the North through to the 1820s. In what states were the highest concentration of slaves located in the North?
New Jersey and New York
111
What state had the most democratic constitution in the 1780s?
Pennsylvania
112
During the Revolutionary War, why were the revolutionary states (former colonies) unable to provide the funds requested by the Congress, which thrust the national debt into the tens of millions by 1784?
Because states were already having to pay for supplies for their local militias
113
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the national Confederation Congress have?
The power to create land ordinances
114
Which plan resolved the issue of representation for the U.S. Constitution?
The Connecticut Compromise
115
During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, what was the first conflict fought by the Americans overseas?
Barbary Wars
116
What was the purpose of the Louisiana Purchase?
It gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans for trade
117
What political figure did not actively challenge the status of women in the early American republic?
Justine Rush
The political figures that did actively challenge the status of women were:
Abigail Adams
Judith Sargent
Mercy Otis Warren
118
The partisan wrangling that characterized the presidential campaign of 1796 was between the Federalists and the _____________?
Democratic-Republicans
119
What was the primary issue of Adam’s presidency?
Relations with France
120
What treaty was President Adams able to secure in 1800, ending the Quasi-war with France and reopening trade between the two countries?
Treaty of Mortefontaine
121
How was membership determined in the Society of the Cincinnati, an elite colonial group modeled after the Roman aristocrat Cincinnatus?
Members were determined through the rule of primogeniture, where the eldest son inherited the father’s memberships
122
What was the primary complaint of the rebels in the Whiskey Rebellion?
The tax on whiskey and rum
