EXAM 2 CH 9 VOCAB Flashcards
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)
The raw materials for DNA synthesis.
duplication
A mutation in which a segment of a chromosome is duplicated, often by the attachment of a segment lost from its homolog.
silent mutation
A change in a gene’s sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein because it occurs in noncoding DNA or because it does not change the amino acid specified by the corresponding codon.
primase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication.
mutagen
Any agent (e.g., a chemical, radiation) that increases the mutation rate.
transgenic
Containing recombinant DNA incorporated into the genetic material.
telomeres
Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
inversion
A rare 180° reversal of the order of genes within a segment of a chromosome.
semiconservative replication
The way in which DNA is synthesized. Each of the two partner strands in a double helix acts as a template for a new partner strand. Hence, after replication, each double helix consists of one old and one new strand.
spontaneous mutation
A genetic change caused by internal cellular mechanisms, such as an error in DNA replication.
induced mutation
A mutation resulting from exposure to a mutagen from outside the cell.
point mutation
A mutation that results from the gain, loss, or substitution of a single nucleotide.
translocation
In genetics, a rare mutational event that moves a portion of a chromosome to a new location, generally on a nonhomologous chromosome.
Krebbs cycle
In cellular respiration, a set of chemical reactions whereby acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are stored as NADH and FADH2.
oxidative phosphorylation
ATP formation in the mitochondrion, associated with flow of electrons through the respiratory chain.