EXAM 2

Question 1

When ADP gains a phosphate to form ATP

Answer 1

Energy is consumed

Question 2

The exergonic reaction 1,3-diphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate is coupled to the reaction ADP + Pi → ATP. Which of the following is most likely to be true about the reaction ADP + Pi → ATP?

Answer 2

The reaction is endergonic

Question 3

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is true?

Answer 3

Each one is regulated by specific enzymes

Question 4

Oxidation and reduction

Answer 4

Always occur together

Question 5

The function of NAD+ is to

Answer 5

carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized, and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced.

Question 6

When NADH donates two electrons to ubiquinone during respiration, ubiquinone is

Answer 6

Reduced

Question 7

The proton motive force is

Answer 7

the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.

Question 8

The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to

Answer 8

accept electrons from the respiratory chain

Question 9

In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

Pyruvate oxidation generates

Answer 10

Acetate, NADH + H+ from NAD+, a change in free energy, CO2

Question 11

The citric acid cycle begins with

Answer 11

Acetyl CoA

Question 12

In the citric acid cycle, oxidative steps are coupled to

Answer 12

the reduction of electron carriers

Question 13

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes. These proteins

Answer 13

are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 14

When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane into the intermembranous space, the result is the

Answer 14

creation of a proton gradient

Question 15

The chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by

Answer 15

the proton motive force

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs as part of the electron transport chain?

Answer 16

Oxidation of FADH and NADH

Question 17

The drug 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) destroys the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. What would be the effect of incubating isolated mitochondria in a solution of DNP?

Answer 17

No ATP would be made during transport of electrons down the respiratory chain

Question 18

http://www.prep-u.com/view.php?i=2939

Answer 18

Interphase:

In interphase, the DNA is arranged as strands of chromatin.

Question 19

Difference between chemotherapy and radiation therapy as cancer treatment

Answer 19

The drugs used in chemotherapy circulate throughout the entire body, while radiation therapy directs high energy radiation only at the part of the body where the tumor is located.
In radiation therapy, the nearby tissue may be harmed, while in chemotherapy, the rate at which healthy cells divide may be reduced.
Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy work by disrupting cell division.
Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have side-effects.

Question 20

The law of segregation states that

Answer 20

each of two alleles for a given trait segregate into different gametes

Question 21

The very first linkage map was created using the chromosomes from which model organism?

Answer 21

Fruit fly

Question 22

A woman and a man, both carriers of a cystic fibrosis allele c, which is recessive to the normal allele C, have had three children without cystic fibrosis. If the couple have a fourth child, what is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?

Answer 22

25% (1/4)

Question 23

A rare, X-linked DOMINANT condition in humans, congenital generalized hypertrichosis, is marked by excessive hair growth all over a person’s body. Which of the following statements about this condition is INCORRECT?

Answer 23

The son of a woman with this condition has a 100% chance of also having this condition.
WHY:
Sons can receive only a Y chromosome from their father, while daughters receive his X. Because of this, whether a carrier for this disease or not, the father cannot pass his X chromosome to his son, and cannot give the allele for hypertrichosis.

TRUE STATEMENTS:
Males with this condition almost always have a more severe phenotype due to the fact that women usually have at least one normal allele that dilutes the effect of the mutated allele.
The daughter of a woman with this disease has just slightly more than a 50% chance of also having this condition.
The daughter of a man with this condition has a 100% chance of also having this condition.
The son of a woman with this disease has just slightly more than a 50% chance of also having this condition. (Because she could donate her recessive allele, or her dominant)

Question 24

The DNA in linear eukaryotic chromosomes is wrapped around proteins called _____________, which keep the DNA from getting tangled and enable an orderly, tight, and efficient packing of the DNA inside the cell.

Answer 24

Histones

Question 25

The same genetic condition that causes sickle-cell anemia can also protect against:

Answer 25

Malaria

Question 26

Every eukaryotic chromosome MUST have:

Answer 26

A telomeric sequence at the end of each chromosome.
A centromere that holds replicated chromosomes together before mitosis.
An origin of replication (ori) recognized by the DNA replication machinery.

Question 27

If you have blood type A, which of the following is true about you?

Answer 27

You produce A antigens

Question 28

Which statement is NOT true of the phenotype of an organism?

Answer 28

The phenotype of an organism is caused solely by the environment.
TRUE:
A phenotype involves the expression of many different genes.
The phenotype, not the genes, interacts with the environment.
The phenotype consists of all characteristics of an organism, including physiological processes that are not readily apparent.
Natural selection acts on the whole phenotype.

Question 29

What is the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?

Answer 29

A monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for a single character under observation, while a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters under observation.

Question 30

The structure of the double helix is so stable due to the proper arrangement of the bases that reach out from the backbone on either strand. In order for this arrangement to work, the two strands must lie _____________ each other.

Answer 30

Antiparallel to

Question 31

A mutation that involves the addition, subtraction, or substitution of a single base is known as:

Answer 31

A point mutation

Question 32

What type molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Answer 32

tRNA