Exam 2 (ch. 8, 9, 11, 12) Flashcards
How do you calculate BMI
weight (kg) / height (m2 squared)
What are the ranges for BMI
Underweight: less than 18.5 Normal : 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25- 29.9 Obese class 1: 30-34.9 Obese class 2: 35- 39.9 Obese class 3: 40 +
Who is at highest risk for being overweight?
African Americans, Hispanic, Caucasian
How to treat asthma
take bronchodialator first then corticosteroid; rinse mouth out after bc it messes with your mucous and teeth
pt with nonproductive cough, substernal chest pain, fever, and rhonchi sounds… what should they take?
chicken noodle soup and water/ rest
they have acute bronchitis
Normal levels of prealbumin
150-360 mg
Normal levels of albumin
35-50 g/L
Normal levels of cholesterol
<200 mg
Normal levels of Glucose
70-105 mg
What is hyperlipidemia, what is the subjective data
elevated serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) no clinical symptoms till cardiovascular events occur
What does elevated levels of LDL mean?
higher risk for coronary heart disease
How to check signs for melanoma
ABCDEF
asymmetry, borders, color, diameter- greater than 6mm, elevation, feeling
what affect does hyperthyroidism have on your hair
makes hair texture fine
What is hirtutism
an indication of an endocrine disorder in women by having increase in body hair on neck, body, and pubic area
What sound will a pt have during ascultation for a pneumothorax?
absent/ no present breath sounds
What is petechiae
tiny, flat, reddish-purple spots on the skin due to tiny hemorhages within dermal layer
What are the 3 functions of the respiratory
- conduct air to lower airway
- protect lower airway from foreign matter
- warm, filter, humidify inspired air
How to calculate pack-year
years smoked X # packs/day
Acute bronchitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of bronchial tree ; symptoms include substernal chest pain aggravated by cough, fever, malaise, tachypnea, rhonchi
Atelectasis
collapsed alveoli due to external pressure, lack of air from hyperventilation, obstruction by secretion; diminished or absent breath sounds, 02 sat less than 90%
COPD- chronic bronchitis
hypersecretion of mucus of trach and mouth; over 3 months for over 2 successive years; rhonchi
COPD- Emphysema
destruction of the alveolar walls that cause permanent enlargement of air space; shortness of breath, diminished sounds, decreased diaphragmatic excursion
Pneumonia
inflammation of the terminal bronchioles and alveoli ; inspiratory crackels,
Asthma
hyperactive airways disease; audible wheezing and use of accessory muscles
Pneumothrorax
air in the pleural space that off-balances the pressure of the lungs; decreased chest movement, trachial displacement
Eupnia
even and unlabored breathing 12-20 breathes/min
Bradypenea
RR less than 11 breathes/min, smooth and even
Tachypnea
RR greater than 20 breathes/min, smooth and even
Hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of respirations; like tachypnea but more gaspy
Hypoventilation
slow and shallow
Kussmaul
hyperventilation, deep and laborious with ketoacidosis
Biot breathing
irregular breathing with periods of apnea, disorganized pattern
Cheyne-stokes
internals of apnea with deep rapid pattern in between , raspy deep rattle; seen with brain damage
air trapping
rapid inspirations with prolonged forced expirations , air not fully exhaled and becomes trapped in the lungs leading to barrel chest
Kyphosis
change is shape of spine which changes how they breathe, mostly seen in older adults
Kyphosis
change is shape of spine which changes how they breathe, mostly seen in older adults
Fine crackles
fine, high pitched crackling and popping noises- hair rubbing btwn fingers, end of inspiration
(pneumonia, heart failure, asthma, restrictive pulmonary disease)
Coarse crackles
low-pitched, bubbling or gurgling sounds that start early in inspiration and extend into the first part of expiration -velcro opening
(terminally ill pt., pulmonary edema and fibrosis)
Wheezing
high pitched musical sound, hissing sound, heard during inspiration
(pt. with narrow airway, asthma)
Rhonchi
low-pitched, coarse, low snoring, heard during expiration
disorders causing obstruction of the trach or bronchus- chronic bronchitis
Pleural Friction Rub
superficial, low-pitched, course rubbing, like 2 surfaces rubbing together; heard through inspiration and expiration
(pleurisy; inflammation of the pleural surfaces)
Stridor
Narrow trachea and sounds like an inflated balloon being let go
Vocal fremitus
vibration resulting from talking
Pleural effusion
Accumulation of serous fluid on pleural space btwn visceral and parietal pleurae
