Exam 2 (ch. 17 &20) Flashcards
What are the phases of a normal menstrual cycle?
Follicular phase then luteal phase
What hormones are produced during a normal menstrual cycle?
estrogen and progesterone
During a normal menstrual cycle, if no pregnancy occurs, what happens?
- corpus luteum degrades
- secretory endometrium shed with blood
- new cycle begins
Ovaries are the site of?
- gametogenesis
2. hormone production
Fallopian tubes
Pathways from ovaries to the uterus;
where is the site of fertilization?
fallopian tubes
Cervix
opening of the uterus
uterus
houses and protects developing fetus
Menorrhagia
heavy menstrual bleeding
Metorrhagia
uterine bleeding at irregular intervals
Dysmenorrhea
painful periods
Vaginal discharge can be associated with what?
superficial infections (STI)
What do you look at when you look at menstrual history?
- length of cycle
- duration
- amount (heavy or light)
- regularity (often)
What occurs during a pelvic examination
- direct inspection of the vulva, vagina and cervix
- bimanual examination (fingers in vagina and tap abdomen)
Pap test can detect what?
HPV and neoplastic lesions
What is a cone biospy
removal of a cone of tissue for histologic exam
Infections of the reproductive tract: types
- STI
a. chlamydia
b. gonorrhea
c. syphilis
d. HPV - Fungus
a. yeast
STIs and fungal infections of the female reproductive tract can lead to what?
- Vaginitis: inflammation of vagina
- Cervicitis: inflammation of cervix
- Salpingitis: inflammation of fallopian tubes
- PID: pelvic inflammation disease
Cervical Polyps
Benign tumors on the surface of the cervical canal
Symptoms of Cervical Polyps
Many are asymptomatic, but can lead to irregular menstrual bleeding
Treatment of Cervical Polyps
removal
Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal growth of cervical squamous epithelium
Describe how Cervical Dysplasia ranges from mild to severe
- Mild = may regress
2. Severe = pre-cancerous
How do you test to see if a female has Cervical Dysplasia?
Screening –> pap smear