Exam 2 (ch. 13 & 15) Flashcards
What is the function of the blood?
- Transport (CO2, O2, nutrients, hormones)
- Immune system response
- Plasma proteins needed to help maintain BP, temp. -regulation, coagulants and the complement system
Plasma vs. serum
Plasma is all the liquid portion of the blood. Serum is all the liquid portion of the blood, but without coagulation proteins
Cells and cell fragments are within what part of the blood?
plasma
Why do we say “cellular ELEMENTS of human blood”?
Because some are cells, some are parts of cells
Erythrocytes
RBC
- primary job is to transport O2
- most numerous cells
Erythroblasts
Precursor cell of erythrocytes in bone marrow
Hemoglobin
Oxygen-carrying protein formed by the developing red cell.
Cellular elements of human blood
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets/fragments)
What are the components of erythrocytes
erythroblasts
hemoglobin
Hematopoesis
the normal making of cells in the blood
Bone marrow is what type of stem cell?
Multipotent stem cell
What are the 2 main lineages of hematopoiesis?
- Myeloid Lineage
- makes thrombocytes, PMNS, mast cells, macrophages, RBC - Lymphoid Lineage
- makes all lymphocytes
What is normal/healthy hemoglobin called?
HbA –> hemoglobin A (adult)
What is the structure of hemoglobin?
- alpha globin chain (x2)
- beta globin chain (x2)
Where does synthesis of hemoglobin take place?
mitochondria and cytosol of RBC
Heme
Structural chemical group in the middle of each heme is iron, which is where the O2 binds
Erythropoiesis
The formation and development of RBC
Substances needed for erythropoiesis
- protein
- vitamin B12
- folic acid (one of the vitamin B groups)
- iron
Where is iron in the body stored?
75% of iron is found in RBC, the rest is stored in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen
Where does iron uptake take place?
Iron uptake is controlled in the gut
What is Hepcidin?
It is a protein in the gut that is made by the liver; it affects the GIs uptake of iron
What is RBC production regulated by?
RBC production is regulated by oxygen content of the arterial blood
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Made by the kidneys; EPO is released by the kidneys and it affects the bone marrow stimulating the production of RBC
Where are RBC removed at?
spleen and liver
*when destroyed, we recycle iron and beta-globin as amino acids; heme is eliminated at bilirubin