Exam 2 Breathing Systems: Part 1 (6/20/24)

Question 1

Six Definitions of a Breathing System:

Answer 1

1. Receives gas mixture from the machine
2. Delivers gas to the patient
3. Removes CO2
4. Provides heating and humidification of the gas mixture
5. Allows spontaneous, assisted, or controlled respiration
6. Provides gas sampling, measures airway pressure, and monitors volume

Question 2

When gas is passing through a tube, where will the pressure be the highest?

Answer 2

the pressure at the inlet will be higher than at the outlet

Question 3

Describe Laminar Flow

Answer 3

Flow is smooth and orderly
Particles move parallel to the tube walls
Flow is fastest in the center where there is less friction

Question 4

Which Law is used to describe Laminar Flow?

Answer 4

Poiseuille’s Law

Question 6

What type of flow is this?

Answer 6

Laminar Flow

Question 7

What type of flow?

Answer 7

Localized Turbulent Flow

Question 8

What type of flow is this?

Answer 8

Localized Turbulent Flow

Question 9

What type of flow is this?

Answer 9

Generalized Turbulent Flow

Question 10

Describe Generalized Turbulent Flow:

Answer 10

When the flow of gas through a tube exceeds the critical flow rate

Question 11

Describe Localized Turbulent Flow

Answer 11

Gas flow rate below the critical flow rate but encounters constrictions, curves, or valves

Question 12

To minimize resistance, gas-conducting pathways should have ___

Answer 12

• minimal length
• maximal internal diameter
• be without sharp curves or sudden changes in diameter

Question 13

Changes in resistance ___ changes in the work of breathing

Answer 13

Parallel

Question 14

What is one example od something that causes more resistance than the breathing system?

Answer 14

ET Tube

Question 15

What is compliance?
What does it measure?

Answer 15

Ratio of the change in volume over the change in pressure.

Measures Distensibility

Question 16

What are the most distensible components of our breathing system?

Answer 16

Breathing Tubes (Corrugated Tubing)
Reservoir Bags

Question 17

Compliance can help determine the patient’s ___.

Answer 17

Tidal Volume

Question 18

To inhale previously inspired gases from which CO2 may or may not have been removed:

Answer 18

Rebreathing

Question 19

What is Rebreathing influenced by?

Answer 19

• Fresh gas flow (High vs Low)
• Dead space
• Breathing system design (Semi, Closed, Open)

Question 20

Amount of rebreathing varies ___ with the ___.

Answer 20

Inversely
total FGF

Question 21

Will rebreathing occur or not?
Patient’s Minute ventilation is 5L/min and the FGF is 6L/min:

Answer 21

NO! The FGF is less than the patient’s minute volume.

Question 22

Will rebreathing occur or not?
Patient’s Minute ventilation is 6L/min and the FGF is 6L/min:

Answer 22

NO! The FGF is equal to the patient’s minute volume.

Question 23

Will rebreathing occur or not?
Patient’s Minute ventilation is 6L/min and the FGF is 4L/min:

Answer 23

YES! The patient’s minute volume is greater than the FGF rate.

Question 24

True or False:
Some of the exhaled gases must be rebreathed to make up required volume

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Define Apparatus Dead Space:
Examples?

Answer 25

Volume in a breathing system occupied by gases that are rebreathed without change in composition

Ex: ETT, Face Mask, anything distal to Y-Piece

Question 26

How can we decrease the amount of Apparatus Dead space?

Answer 26

by having inspiratory and expiratory limb separation as close to patient as possible

Question 27

Summation of anatomical and alveolar dead spaces equals…

Answer 27

Physiologic Dead Space

Question 28

Define Anatomical Dead space:

Answer 28

amount in the conducting airways; adds H2O vapor

Question 29

If alveolar dead space increases, what else will increase?

Answer 29

Partial pressures