Exam 2 Biology pt.2 Flashcards
Where is DNA found in a cell? Specifically Eukaryotic
DNA is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
What’s a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with nucleus
Locations of transcription and translation
Transcription in nucleus
Translation in Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA(mRNA) carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
How does RNA differ from DNA?
Single-stranded, many different structures
Multiple copies
Short-lived
Many different functions
A, G, C, U
Ribose
Made by RNA polymerase
How does DNA differ from RNA
Double-stranded helix
One copy
Lasts the lifetime of the cell
One function
A, G, C, T
Deoxyribose
Made by DNA polymerase
Template vs. NonTemplate Strands of DNA
The Template Strand is the strand of DNA that is used to make mRNA2.
The Nontemplate strand is often called the Coding Strand
mRNA is made in the 5’ to 3’ direction
mRNA is complementary to the Template Strand, the process of Transcription runs along the Template Strand in the 3’ to 5’ direction
RNA Polymerase II
Takes DNA → RNA
Transcription Factors
Proteins control the rate of transcription
General transcription factors assemble at the promoter
The promoter is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase II binds
Transcriptional Activator Proteins
Bind to the enhancer
Enhancer Region
region of DNA that is many base pairs in the 3’ direction of the promoter region that is also necessary for transcription
Enhancers and Promoters (Stretches of DNA)
Promoters control where transcription starts.
Enhancers control how frequently.
Three Stages in Eukaryotic Transcription
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
Initiation
Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) binds to TATA box
The creation of the mediator complex
Transcription activator proteins bind to enhancer region
TATA box
part of promoter region
Mediator complex
Complex of proteins, including the general transcription factors that recruits RNA Polymerase II
