Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2 Big Picture > Flashcards

Exam 2 Big Picture Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer’s Medication Prototypes

A

donepezil (Aricept)

memantine (Namendal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

donezepil (Aricept) interactions and symptoms of interaction

A

NSAIDS increase risk of GI bleeding leading to:
coffee ground or bloody stools and emesis
dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

donepezil (Aricept) patient education

A

Take at bedtime due to drowsy side effects

Monitor for bradycardia, if HR < 60 contact provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

memantine (Namendal) interactions

A

Foods that alkalinize urine

e.g. citrus, vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

memantine (Namendal) adverse and side effects

A

Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Heart Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Migraine prototype

A

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex) contraindications

A

History of MI or Stroke

Risk for CAD/PAD (menopausal women or men over 40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex) interactions

A

Serotonin-supporting drugs

e.g. St. John’s Wort, SSRI, MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex) toxicity name and effects

A

Serotonin syndrome
Neuromuscular Excitation (tremors, hyperreflexia)
Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction (Elevated BP/HR, fever, flushing, headache)
Altered Mental Status (confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seizure Disorder Prototypes

A

phenytoin (Dilantin)
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
valporic acid (Depakote)
gabapentin (Neurontin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seizure Medication adverse and side effects

A 
Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Pancreatits
Depression
Blood Dyscrasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phenytoin (Dilantin) patient education and considerations

A

IV Slowly
No tylenol/alcohol
Don’t stop suddenly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phenytoin (Dilantin) therapeutic range

A

10-20 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carbamazepine (Tegretol) thereputic range

A

4-12 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

valproic acid (Depakote) therapeutic range

A

50-100 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

carbamazepin (Tegretol) patient education/considerations

A

Use different BC
XR Coating can appear in stool
Report signs of fever/infection
Do not take if pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

valproic acid (Depakote) patient education/considerations

A

Report signs of fever/infection
Use other forms of BC
No Alcohol (CNS Depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gabapentin (Neurontin) summary

A 
Adjunct drug with others 
can cause depression
no alcohol
take at bedtime
ALSO USED FOR DIABETES/NEUROPATHY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Centrally Acting Depressant/Relaxant Prototype

A

baclofen (Lioresal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

baclofen (Lioresal) indication/contraindications

A

Muscle Spasms

Renal Impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

baclofen (Lioresal) patient education/considerations

A 
Fast onset, slow half-life
Taper off
Fall risk/side effects taper with use
IV Via baclofen pump
Monitor for CNS depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Peripherally Acting Depressant/Relaxant Prototype

A

dantrolene (Dantrium)

23
Q

dantrolene (Dantrium) indications/contraindications

A

Muscle Spasms, -Malignant Hyperthermia-

Liver Impairment

24
Q

dantrolene (Dantrium) patient education/considerations

A

Oral for spasms, injectible for Malignant Hyperthermia
Monitor for hepatotoxicity, diarrhea
CNS Depression

25
Q

Sedative/Hypnotic Prototype

A

zolpidem (Ambien)

26
Q

zolpidem (Ambien) patient education/considerations

A

Black Box Warning: Complex sleep-behaviours
Binds to same receptor as Benzos
Must set aside 7-8 hours for sleep

27
Q

Short-Acting Anesthesia Prototype

A

propofol (Diprivan)

28
Q

propofol (Diprivan) overview

A

Fast acting used to induce and during procedures
Fast onset, renal and liver tolerable
Overdose reduces bp
Burns when injected

29
Q

Benzodiazepine Anesthesia Prototype

A

midazolam (Versed)

30
Q

midazolam (Versed) overview

A

Primary sedation

Education must be in writing due to amnesia effect

31
Q

Opioid anesthesia prototype

A

fentanyl (Duragesic & Actiq)

32
Q

fentanyl (Duragesic & Actiq) overview

A

Very fast onset (30s - 1m)
High potential for abuse
Risk of nausea

33
Q

Anesthetic Overview

A

Contraindicated by pregnancy
Interacts with CNS Depressants (ETOH, Opioids, Benzos) sometimes for benefit
Airway is primary importance
Risk of Resp. Dep

34
Q

Neuromuscular Blocker Prototype

A

succinylcholine (Anectine & Quelicin)

35
Q

succinylcholine (Anectine & Quelicin) overview

A

Paralyzes smooth & skeletal muscles for induction and intubation
Risk of malignant hyperthermia
Extended use can cause spasms
Can cause Hyperkalemia

36
Q

Local Anesthesia Prototype

A

lidocaine (Xylocaine)

37
Q

lidocaine (Xylocaine) overview

A

Blocks nerve conudction in peripheral nervous system

Can cause “spinal headache”

38
Q

Stimulant Prototypes

A

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall)

methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta)

39
Q

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) Administration Overview

A

Increases effectes of norepinephrine and dopamine in CNS
Treats ADHD & Narcolepsy
Do not use in uncontrolled hypertension

40
Q

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) patient education/considerations

A

AE/SE: Inc. HR/BP, anxiety, insomnia, dry mouth, wt loss, dysrhythminas
Must taper off
Take in the morning
Take drug holiday (M-F, off weekends) to reduce AE and lower tolerance

41
Q

methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta) considerations

A

Transdermal 9 hour patch

High potential for abuse

42
Q

Non-amphetamine stimulant prototype

A

modafinil (Provigil)

43
Q

modafinil (Provigil) considerations

A

For drowsiness/daytime sleepiness (night shift)

Interacts with contraceptives, warfarin, phenytoin

44
Q

Antiparkinson Drug Prototypes

A

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet)

selegiline (eldepryl)

45
Q

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) contraindications

A

glaucoma

undiagnosed skin conditions (can activate malignant melanoma)

46
Q

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) adverse/side effects and interactions

A 
reduced bp
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
dyskenesia
darkened sweat and urine
B6 reduces effectiveness
47
Q

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) patient education/considerations

A

change positions slowly, take on empty stomach, avoid high protein, monitor for constip.
watch for “on/off” phenomenon, “wearing off” phenomenon, fall precautions, monitor bp

48
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl) overview

A

contraindications for everything
caution for orthostatic hypotension
interacts with tyramine in Chun foods
take as early in day as possible

49
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex) overview

A

indicates for RLS
start low and slow
watch for orthostatic BP, GI Upset
avoid CNS depressants

50
Q

Glucocorticoid Prototypes

A

methylpredislone (Solu-medrol)

prednisone (Deltasone)

51
Q

Glucocorticoid contraindications

A

Diabetics (increased glucose)
Osteoperosis (bone demineralization)
Transplant patients/Active Infections/Autoimmune (Immunosuppressant)
Petpic Ulder/Gastritis (GI Distress from inhibited prostiglandin)
Glaucoma (increases intraocular pressure/causes cateract)

52
Q

Glucocorticoid Education/Consideration

A

Monitor for contraindications, high cortisol = moon face
Avoid Non-K+ Sparing Diuretics, NSAIDs, anti-diabetic drugs live vaccines
Must taper due to adrenal crisis

53
Q

Antigout/Antihyperuricemic Prototype

A

allopurinol (Zyloprim)

54
Q

allopurinol (Zyloprim) overview

A

Reduces production of uric acid
Monitor WBC, Anemia
Interacts with warfarin - too much blood thinning
Metallic taste is normal

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions