Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals Flashcards by Kyle Akers

Indications of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

Staph/Streptococcus

Broad Spectrum Coverage

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Brand name of amoxicillin?

Amoxil

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Generic name of Amoxil?

amoxicillin

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Contraindications of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

Penicillin allergy

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Side/Adverse effects of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

NVD

Allergic Reaction

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Nursing education of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

Take PO with food

Monitor for superinfections (C. diff / candidiasis)

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Unicorn of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

Interactions with Warfarin & Oral Birth Control

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Class of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

Penicillin

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Brand name of cephalexin?

Keflex

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Generic name of Keflex?

cephalexin

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Class name of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Cephalosporin

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Prototype of cephalosporins?

cephalexin (Keflex)

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Indications of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Broad-spectrum coverage

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Contraindications of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Penicillin allergy

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Side/Adverse effects of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps
Rash/Itchiness
Redness
Edema

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Nursing education of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Administer with food for GI issues
Monitor for superinfections
Avoid alcohol

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Unicorn of cephalexin (Keflex)?

Interacts with Alcohol, Antacids, Oral Birth Control

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Brand name of imipenem/cilastin?

Primaxin

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Generic name of Primaxin?

imipenem/cilastin

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Class of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Carbapenems

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Prototype of carbapenems?

imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)

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Indications of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Broad spectrum coverage

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Contraindications of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Penicillin allergy

Lidocaine allergy

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Adverse/side effects of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Seizures

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Nursing education of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Monitor for superinfections | Monitor for seizures

Unicorn of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

Risk of seizures

Brand name of aztreonam?

Azactam

Generic name of Azactam?

aztreonam

Class of azteronam (Azactam)?

Monobactams

Prototype of monobactams?

azteronam (Azactam)?

Indications of azteronam (Azactam)?

Gram negative infections (e.g. E. coli)

Side/adverse effects of azteronam (Azactam)?

Rash | Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea

Nursing education of azteronam (Azactam)?

Deliver in exclusive IV | Monitor for superinfections

Unicorn of azteronam (Azactam)?

Can take with penicillin alergy

Brand name of vancomycin?

Vancocin

Generic name of Vancocin?

vancomycin

Indications of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

MRSA C. diff Penicillin Allergy

Contraindications of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Renal problems

Side/adverse effects of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Redman's Syndrom

Nursing education of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Take with food Run frequent labs to monitor Kidney function (BUN, Creatinine) Monitor IV every hour - can be very irritating Trough level should be between 15-20 mcg/mL

Unicorn of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Redman's Syndrome

Indications of tetracycline?

``` Chlamydia Cholera Anthrax Pneumonia Acne ```

Contraindications of tetracycline?

Pregnant women | Children < 8 y/o

Side/adverse effects of tetracycline?

``` Superinfections Disruption of oral contraceptives Teeth stained yellow Long bone growth hindrance Photo-sensitivity ```

Nursing education of tetracycline?

Sun protection No dairy with medication Use alternate birth control

Unicorn of tetracycline?

Not for pregnant women or children < 8 Photosensitivity Treats Acne

Class of erythromycin?

Macrolide

Prototype of Macrolides?

erythromycin

Indications of erythromycin?

``` Legionnaire's Disease Whooping Cough Chlamydia Pneumonia Diptheria ```

Contraindications of erythromycin?

Warfarin - Increases effect and causes easy bleeding

Adverse/side effects of erythromycin?

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea Ototoxicity Superinfections

Nursing education of erythromycin?

Take with food for GI distress

Unicorn of erythromycin?

Ventricular dysrhythmia - Extended QT Segment

Class of gentamicin?

Aminoglycosides

Protoype of Aminoglycosides?

gentamicin

Indications of gentamicin?

E. coli K. pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Contraindications of gentamicin?

Pregnant or Breastfeeding women

Side/adverse effects of gentamicin?

Ototoxicity | Nephrotoxicity

Nursing education of gentamicin?

Take with food Regularly draw labs to monitor Nephrotoxicity Monitor hearing, balance, tinnitus for Ototoxicity Trough level <= 1 mcg/mL Toxic level >2 mcg/mL

Unicorn of gentamicin?

Can be yellow but should always be totally clear. Trough level <=1 Toxic level > 2

Brand name of ciprofloxacin?

Cipro

Generic name of Cipro?

ciprofloxacin

Class of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Fluoroquinolone

Prototype of fluoroquinolone?

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Indications of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Severe UTI | Anthrax

Contraindications of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Prepubescent children | Black Box Warnings

Side/adverse effects of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

``` Dizziness, Headache Superinfection Confusion / CNS Issues Abdominal Pain Fatigue Hepatotoxicity ```

Nursing education of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Risk education Administer in dedicated IV Monitor for liver issues (Jaundice, AST/ALT) Monitor veins

Unicorn of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

``` Tendon Rupture (>65 y/o) Hepatotoxicity ```

Brand name of trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole?

Bactrim

Generic name of Bactrim?

trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole

Class name of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

Sulfonamides

Prototype of sulfonamides?

trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

Indications of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

UTI Pneumonia Otitis Media (children)

Contraindications of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

Pregnant women | Children < 2 mo.

Side/adverse effects of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea Superinfections Steven Johnson Syndrome

Nursing education of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

No alcohol Increase water intake If showing signs of Steven Johnson Syndrome, stop immediately

Unicorn of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

Steven Johnson Syndrome | No Alcohol

Brand name of nitrofurantoin?

Macrobid

Generic name of Macrobid?

nitrofurantoin

Indications of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

UTI

Contraindications of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Renal function issues

Side/adverse effects of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea Peripheral Neuropathy Reduced excretion

Nursing education of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Administer PO with milk or food for GI distress

Unicorn of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Treats UTIs due to concentration in urine.

Brand name of metronidazole?

Flagyl

Generic name of Flagyl?

metronidazole

Indications of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Bacterial or protozoal infections | e.g. Malaria

Contraindications of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Alcohol

Side/adverse effects of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea | Seizures

Nursing education of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Take with food | Administer in dedicated IV

Unicorn of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

No alcohol | Risk of seizures

Brand name of acyclovir?

Zovirax

Generic name of Zovirax?

acyclovir

Indications of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

Herpes - all forms

Side/adverse effects of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

Topical: burning/itching PO: Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea IV: nephrotoxicity

Nursing education of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

Administer topically with gloves | Generic herpes education

Unicorn of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

If delivered via IV: risk of nephrotoxicity

Indications of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

Tuberculosis

Contraindications of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

Renal / Liver dysfunction

Side/adverse effects of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

Hepatotoxicity Interference with oral contraceptives Peripheral Neuropathy due to reduced B-6 DRESS

Nursing education of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

``` Long dose (6-9 mos.), must fully complete Use alternate birth control ```

Unicorn of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

Body fluids might turn red/orange/brown - not harmful Stain contact lenses DRESS = fever, rash, lymph adenopathy

Brand name of amphotericin B?

Fungizone

Generic name of Fungizone?

amphotericin B

Indications of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

Systemic fungal infections

Contraindications of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

Decreased renal function

Side/adverse effects of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

Fever, chills, nausea Hypotension, tachycardia Infusion reactions - must infuse slowly Extreme nephrotoxicity

Nursing education of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

Must monitor lots of labs to protect kidneys

Unicorn of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

Very hard on body and veins Pretreat with tylenol, antihistimine, antiemetic Administer via large vein, check frequently for patency

Brand name of ketoconazole?

Nizoral

Generic name of Nizoral?

Ketoconazole

Indications of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

Cutaneous fungal infections | e.g. Tinea Pedis (Athlete's Foot)

Side/adverse effects of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

Skin irritation

Unicorn of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

Exclusive topical antifungal