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Pharmacology 1 > Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals > Flashcards

Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Indications of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

Staph/Streptococcus

Broad Spectrum Coverage

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2
Q

Brand name of amoxicillin?

A

Amoxil

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3
Q

Generic name of Amoxil?

A

amoxicillin

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4
Q

Contraindications of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

Penicillin allergy

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5
Q

Side/Adverse effects of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

NVD

Allergic Reaction

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6
Q

Nursing education of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

Take PO with food

Monitor for superinfections (C. diff / candidiasis)

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7
Q

Unicorn of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

Interactions with Warfarin & Oral Birth Control

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8
Q

Class of amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

Brand name of cephalexin?

A

Keflex

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10
Q

Generic name of Keflex?

A

cephalexin

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11
Q

Class name of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A

Cephalosporin

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12
Q

Prototype of cephalosporins?

A

cephalexin (Keflex)

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13
Q

Indications of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A

Broad-spectrum coverage

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14
Q

Contraindications of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A

Penicillin allergy

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15
Q

Side/Adverse effects of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A 
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps
Rash/Itchiness
Redness
Edema
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16
Q

Nursing education of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A

Administer with food for GI issues
Monitor for superinfections
Avoid alcohol

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17
Q

Unicorn of cephalexin (Keflex)?

A

Interacts with Alcohol, Antacids, Oral Birth Control

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18
Q

Brand name of imipenem/cilastin?

A

Primaxin

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19
Q

Generic name of Primaxin?

A

imipenem/cilastin

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20
Q

Class of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Carbapenems

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21
Q

Prototype of carbapenems?

A

imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)

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22
Q

Indications of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Broad spectrum coverage

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23
Q

Contraindications of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Penicillin allergy

Lidocaine allergy

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24
Q

Adverse/side effects of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Seizures

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25
Q

Nursing education of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Monitor for superinfections

Monitor for seizures

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26
Q

Unicorn of imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)?

A

Risk of seizures

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27
Q

Brand name of aztreonam?

A

Azactam

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28
Q

Generic name of Azactam?

A

aztreonam

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29
Q

Class of azteronam (Azactam)?

A

Monobactams

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30
Q

Prototype of monobactams?

A

azteronam (Azactam)?

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31
Q

Indications of azteronam (Azactam)?

A

Gram negative infections (e.g. E. coli)

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32
Q

Side/adverse effects of azteronam (Azactam)?

A

Rash

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea

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33
Q

Nursing education of azteronam (Azactam)?

A

Deliver in exclusive IV

Monitor for superinfections

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34
Q

Unicorn of azteronam (Azactam)?

A

Can take with penicillin alergy

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35
Q

Brand name of vancomycin?

A

Vancocin

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36
Q

Generic name of Vancocin?

A

vancomycin

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37
Q

Indications of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

A

MRSA
C. diff
Penicillin Allergy

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38
Q

Contraindications of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

A

Renal problems

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39
Q

Side/adverse effects of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Redman’s Syndrom

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40
Q

Nursing education of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

A

Take with food
Run frequent labs to monitor Kidney function (BUN, Creatinine)
Monitor IV every hour - can be very irritating
Trough level should be between 15-20 mcg/mL

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41
Q

Unicorn of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

A

Redman’s Syndrome

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42
Q

Indications of tetracycline?

A 
Chlamydia
Cholera
Anthrax
Pneumonia
Acne
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43
Q

Contraindications of tetracycline?

A

Pregnant women

Children < 8 y/o

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44
Q

Side/adverse effects of tetracycline?

A 
Superinfections
Disruption of oral contraceptives
Teeth stained yellow
Long bone growth hindrance
Photo-sensitivity
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45
Q

Nursing education of tetracycline?

A

Sun protection
No dairy with medication
Use alternate birth control

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46
Q

Unicorn of tetracycline?

A

Not for pregnant women or children < 8
Photosensitivity
Treats Acne

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47
Q

Class of erythromycin?

48
Q

Prototype of Macrolides?

A

erythromycin

49
Q

Indications of erythromycin?

A 
Legionnaire's Disease
Whooping Cough
Chlamydia
Pneumonia
Diptheria
50
Q

Contraindications of erythromycin?

A

Warfarin - Increases effect and causes easy bleeding

51
Q

Adverse/side effects of erythromycin?

A

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
Ototoxicity
Superinfections

52
Q

Nursing education of erythromycin?

A

Take with food for GI distress

53
Q

Unicorn of erythromycin?

A

Ventricular dysrhythmia - Extended QT Segment

54
Q

Class of gentamicin?

A

Aminoglycosides

55
Q

Protoype of Aminoglycosides?

A

gentamicin

56
Q

Indications of gentamicin?

A

E. coli
K. pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

57
Q

Contraindications of gentamicin?

A

Pregnant or Breastfeeding women

58
Q

Side/adverse effects of gentamicin?

A

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

59
Q

Nursing education of gentamicin?

A

Take with food
Regularly draw labs to monitor Nephrotoxicity
Monitor hearing, balance, tinnitus for Ototoxicity
Trough level <= 1 mcg/mL
Toxic level >2 mcg/mL

60
Q

Unicorn of gentamicin?

A

Can be yellow but should always be totally clear.
Trough level <=1
Toxic level > 2

61
Q

Brand name of ciprofloxacin?

62
Q

Generic name of Cipro?

A

ciprofloxacin

63
Q

Class of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Fluoroquinolone

64
Q

Prototype of fluoroquinolone?

A

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

65
Q

Indications of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Severe UTI

Anthrax

66
Q

Contraindications of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Prepubescent children

Black Box Warnings

67
Q

Side/adverse effects of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A 
Dizziness, Headache
Superinfection
Confusion / CNS Issues
Abdominal Pain
Fatigue
Hepatotoxicity
68
Q

Nursing education of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Risk education
Administer in dedicated IV
Monitor for liver issues (Jaundice, AST/ALT)
Monitor veins

69
Q

Unicorn of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A 
Tendon Rupture (>65 y/o)
Hepatotoxicity
70
Q

Brand name of trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole?

71
Q

Generic name of Bactrim?

A

trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole

72
Q

Class name of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

Sulfonamides

73
Q

Prototype of sulfonamides?

A

trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

74
Q

Indications of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

UTI
Pneumonia
Otitis Media (children)

75
Q

Contraindications of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

Pregnant women

Children < 2 mo.

76
Q

Side/adverse effects of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
Superinfections
Steven Johnson Syndrome

77
Q

Nursing education of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

No alcohol
Increase water intake
If showing signs of Steven Johnson Syndrome, stop immediately

78
Q

Unicorn of trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole (Bactrim?)

A

Steven Johnson Syndrome

No Alcohol

79
Q

Brand name of nitrofurantoin?

80
Q

Generic name of Macrobid?

A

nitrofurantoin

81
Q

Indications of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

82
Q

Contraindications of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

A

Renal function issues

83
Q

Side/adverse effects of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

A

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
Peripheral Neuropathy
Reduced excretion

84
Q

Nursing education of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

A

Administer PO with milk or food for GI distress

85
Q

Unicorn of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

A

Treats UTIs due to concentration in urine.

86
Q

Brand name of metronidazole?

87
Q

Generic name of Flagyl?

A

metronidazole

88
Q

Indications of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A

Bacterial or protozoal infections

e.g. Malaria

89
Q

Contraindications of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

90
Q

Side/adverse effects of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea

Seizures

91
Q

Nursing education of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A

Take with food

Administer in dedicated IV

92
Q

Unicorn of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A

No alcohol

Risk of seizures

93
Q

Brand name of acyclovir?

94
Q

Generic name of Zovirax?

95
Q

Indications of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A

Herpes - all forms

96
Q

Side/adverse effects of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A

Topical: burning/itching
PO: Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
IV: nephrotoxicity

97
Q

Nursing education of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A

Administer topically with gloves

Generic herpes education

98
Q

Unicorn of acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A

If delivered via IV: risk of nephrotoxicity

99
Q

Indications of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

A

Tuberculosis

100
Q

Contraindications of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

A

Renal / Liver dysfunction

101
Q

Side/adverse effects of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

A

Hepatotoxicity
Interference with oral contraceptives
Peripheral Neuropathy due to reduced B-6
DRESS

102
Q

Nursing education of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

A 
Long dose (6-9 mos.), must fully complete
Use alternate birth control
103
Q

Unicorn of isoniazid (INH) & rifampin (Rifadin)?

A

Body fluids might turn red/orange/brown - not harmful
Stain contact lenses
DRESS = fever, rash, lymph adenopathy

104
Q

Brand name of amphotericin B?

105
Q

Generic name of Fungizone?

A

amphotericin B

106
Q

Indications of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

A

Systemic fungal infections

107
Q

Contraindications of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

A

Decreased renal function

108
Q

Side/adverse effects of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

A

Fever, chills, nausea
Hypotension, tachycardia
Infusion reactions - must infuse slowly
Extreme nephrotoxicity

109
Q

Nursing education of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

A

Must monitor lots of labs to protect kidneys

110
Q

Unicorn of amphotericin B (Fungizone)?

A

Very hard on body and veins
Pretreat with tylenol, antihistimine, antiemetic
Administer via large vein, check frequently for patency

111
Q

Brand name of ketoconazole?

112
Q

Generic name of Nizoral?

A

Ketoconazole

113
Q

Indications of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

A

Cutaneous fungal infections

e.g. Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)

114
Q

Side/adverse effects of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

A

Skin irritation

115
Q

Unicorn of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

A

Exclusive topical antifungal

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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