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Physiology 1 > Exam 2: Arthrology > Flashcards

Exam 2: Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe synarthrosis

A

Immovable

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2
Q

Describe amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable

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3
Q

Describe diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable

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4
Q

3 types of joints

A
  1. fibrous (CT)
  2. cartilaginous (hyaline)
  3. synovial
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5
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A
  1. syndesmosis
  2. suture
  3. gomphosis
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6
Q

What is a syndesmosis joint?

A

Fibrous band-> interosseous ligament

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7
Q

What degree of movement in syndemosis?

A

Amphiarthrosis

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8
Q

What is a suture joint?

A

Between bones of the skull-> sutural ligament

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9
Q

What degree of movement is suture?

A

Synarthrosis

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10
Q

What is a gomphosis joint?

A

Between tooth root and alveolus-> periodontal ligament

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11
Q

What degree of movement is gomphosis?

A

Synarthrosis

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12
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A
  1. synchondrosis

2. symphysis

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13
Q

What is a synchondrosis joint?

A

Plate of hyaline cartilage, temporary and permanent

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14
Q

What degree of movement is synchondrosis?

A

Synarthrosis

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15
Q

What is a symphysis joint?

A

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage and a pad of fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What degree of movement is symphysis?

A

Amphiarthrosis

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17
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Between articulating bones, filled with synovial fluid

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18
Q

Parts of a synovial joint

A
  1. articular surfaces
  2. joint capsule
  3. synovial cavity
  4. associated structures
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19
Q

What degree of movement is a synovial joint?

A

Diarthrosis

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20
Q

What is the articular surface made of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

Parts of a joint capsule

A
  1. fibrous layer (outer)

2. cellular layer (inner)

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22
Q

Cells in the cellular layer of a joint capsule

A
  1. fibroblastic synovial- produce hyaluronic acid

2. macrophage-like synovial- phagocytic

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23
Q

What is synovial fluid made of?

A

Hyaluronic acid and blood plasma

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24
Q

Functions of synovial fluid

A
  1. lubrication
  2. protection
  3. nourishment of articular cartilage
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25
Q

Associated structures of a synovial joint

A
  1. articular disk
  2. bursa
  3. other ligaments
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26
Q

Functions of the associated structures of a synovial joint

A
  1. cushion
  2. shock absorber
  3. stabilization
27
Q

Describe a ball and socket joint

A

A globular surface articulates with a cup-shaped surface

28
Q

A ball and socket joint is ___

A

Multiaxial

29
Q

Examples of a ball and socket joint

A

Hips, shoulders

30
Q

Describe a condyloid joint

A

Convex oval-shaped surface articulates with a concave elliptical surface

31
Q

A condyloid joint is ___

A

Biaxial

32
Q

Examples of a condyloid joint

A

Distal ends of radius and ulna with carpals

33
Q

Describe a saddle joint

A

Each surface has both concave and convex regions

34
Q

A saddle joint it ___

A

Biaxial

35
Q

Examples of a saddle joint

A

Trapezium to first metacarpal

36
Q

Describe a gliding joint

A

Surfaces are flat

37
Q

Gliding joints are ___

A

Nonaxial

38
Q

Examples of gliding joints

A

Between distal ends of radius and ulna

39
Q

Describe a hinge joint

A

Conves cylindrical surface articulates with a concave cylindrical surface

40
Q

Hinge joints are ___

A

Uniaxial

41
Q

Examples of a hinge joint

A

Elbow, interphalangeal

42
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A

Cylindrical pin rotates within a ring

43
Q

A pivot joint is ___

A

Uniaxial

44
Q

Examples of a pivot joint

A

C1 around C2

45
Q

Types of synovial joint movements

A
  1. angular
  2. circular
  3. special movements
46
Q

What are angular movements?

A

Movements within a sagittal and coronal plane

47
Q

Examples of angular movements in a sagittal plane

A

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

48
Q

Examples of angular movements in a coronal plane

A

Abduction, adduction

49
Q

2 types of circular movement

A
  1. rotation

2. circumduction

50
Q

What is circular rotation?

A

Movement of a body part around its own long axis

51
Q

Examples of circular rotation

A

Supination, pronation

52
Q

What is circular circumduction?

A

Movement in which the distal end of the segment moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively fixed

53
Q

Examples of circular circumduction

A

Hips, shoulders

54
Q

Types of special movements

A
  1. inversion and eversion
  2. elevation and depression
  3. protraction and retraction
55
Q

What happens in children instead of a joint dislocation?

A

Rupture of an epiphyseal plate

56
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Displacement of a bone within a joint: subluxation or luxation

57
Q

What happens in the elderly instead of a joint dislocation?

A

Bone fracture

58
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Overstretching or tearing of ligamentous tissue

59
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of a bursa

60
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Autoimmune disease, synovial membrane-> abnormal secretions-> joint fusion, bilateral, genetic-> middle-aged

61
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Wear and tear, high-impact joints, late age, accessory bone

62
Q

Fibrous secretions of RA can lead to ___

A

Joint fusion

63
Q

Granular secretions of RA can lead to ___

A

Destruction of articular cartilage

Physiology 1 (4 decks)

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