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Anatomy > Exam 2: ANS > Flashcards

Exam 2: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system is synonymous with:

A

visceral motor system

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2
Q

Do dermatome nerves in the trunk form plexi?

A

No, only in the upper/lower limb

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3
Q

Where do fibers go in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Everywhere

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4
Q

Where do fibers NOT go in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

They do not go to the body wall or the limbs

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5
Q

Function of the ANS?

A

Transmit signals to smooth muscle and glands

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6
Q

Which two systems make up the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

What are end organ examples for ANS?

A

Smooth muscle, glands, modified cardiac muscle, SA and AV nodes of the head

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8
Q

Are major organs innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic or just one?

A

Both, they have dual motor control

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9
Q

Are simple structures innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic or just one?

A

Only sympathetic

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10
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons (presynaptic neurons) located?

A

Cell body within grey matter of CNS

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11
Q

Do preganglionic neurons synapse?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Where are postganglionic neurons located?

A

Cell bodies outside the CNS and make up the automatic ganglia

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13
Q

Where does the postganglionic neuron terminate?

A

On target (end) organ

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14
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons terminate?

A

Within an autonomic ganglia upon the cells body of a postganglionic neuron

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15
Q

Where is the parasympathetic system not located?

A

Cervical spinal cord

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16
Q

Where in the brain is the parasympathetic system located?

A

Craniosacral: brainstem (cranial nerve nuclei), S2-S4 spinal cord (lateral horn)

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17
Q

Where is the sympathetic system located?

A

Thoracolumbar (T1-L2 spinal cord lateral horn)

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18
Q

How many visceral motor (autonomIc) ganglia exist and what are they?

A

3; paravertebral ganglia, prevertebral ganglia, and intrmural ganglia

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19
Q

Which system are the paravertebral ganglia used for?

A

Only for the sympathetic system

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20
Q

What do the paravertebral ganglia innervate?

A

Smooth muscle (arteries), and glands in the body wall/limbs, thoracic cavity viscera, and head

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21
Q

Where do the prevertebral ganglia lie?

A

Anterior to the vertebral column, close to major abdominal arteries

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22
Q

Which system are the prevertebral ganglia used for?

A

Only for the sympathetic system

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23
Q

What do the prevertebral ganglia directly innervate?

A

Abdominal cavity structures + organs, pelvic cavity structures + organs

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24
Q

Where is the intramural ganglia (terminal ganglia) located?

A

Located close to or within the wall
of the effector organ

25
Q

Which system are the intramural ganglia used for?

A

Used only for parasympathetic
system

26
Q

Which structures do the intramural ganglia innervate?

A

Structures + organs in
thorax, abdomen, and pelvic
cavities

27
Q

What does the hypothalamus (part of the CNS) do for the ANS?

A

Sends descending fibers directly
to preganglionic sympathetic or
parasympathetic cell bodies

  • Lateral horn of T1 – L2 (3)
  • Specific cranial nerve nuclei in
    the brainstem
  • Lateral horn of S2 – S4
28
Q

Which higher-order brain regions does the hypothalamus communicate with?

A

Communicates with other higher-
order brain regions:
* Insular cortex (insula)
* Limbic system

29
Q

What do preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies form?

A

Form a column of cells
extending the length of
the thoracic and upper
lumbar portions of the
spinal cord
-T1 – L2(L3)
–thoracolumbar

30
Q

Where is the ONLY place preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies exist?

A

Intermediolateral cell
column (IML): T1 - L2 (L3)

31
Q

What are the 3 locations where preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located?

A

Head: T1 – T6
Upper Limb: T1 – T6
Thoracic cavity viscera: T1 – T

32
Q

If sympathetic innervation needs to reach all regions of the body and head but is restricted to T-L2 of the spinal cord, how does it do this?

A

Pathways that take different routes

33
Q

Are the beginnings of all pathways the same?

A

Yes

34
Q

How do preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the CNS?

A

Via anterior (ventral) roots -MOTOR

35
Q

Do preganglionic sympathetic fibers become components of the spinal nerve?

A

Yes, but only briefly since the spinal nerve only hits body wall + U/L limbs

36
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal nerve?

A

Proximal to the branching point of the ventral/dorsal rami via white ramus communication

37
Q

Which branch is the only branch for communication between preganglionic sympathetic fibers and the sympathetic trunk?

A

Spinal nerves T1-L2 (L3)

38
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk composed of?

A

Paravertebral ganglia

39
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

Paired structure lying on
either side (right & left) of
the vertebral column

40
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic trunk?

A

Distributes postganglionic sympathetic innervation throughout the body

41
Q

Where is the location where the sympathetic trunk runs?

A

Runs the entire length of the
vertebral column: (C1 – coccyx)

42
Q

What happens when preganglionic sympathetic fibers reach the sympathetic trunk?

A

They can take 1 of 4 routes depending on where in the body their final target is

43
Q

List route #1 a preganglionic sympathetic fiber can take after entering into the sympathetic trunk:

A

Synapse at the same level they entered:
*Target is in the body wall of T1 – L2 (3)
*Target is in the thoracic cavity or thoracoabdominal (trunk) body wall

44
Q

List route #2 a preganglionic sympathetic fiber can take after entering into the sympathetic trunk:

A

Ascend in the sympathetic trunk & then synapse:
*Target is in the body wall superior to T1 (primarily upper limb & neck)
*Target is in the head

45
Q

List route #3 a preganglionic sympathetic fiber can take after entering into the sympathetic trunk:

A

Descend in the sympathetic trunk &
then synapse:
*Target is in the body wall inferior to
L2(3) (primarily lower limbs)

46
Q

List route #4 a preganglionic sympathetic fiber can take after entering into the sympathetic trunk:

A

Leave the sympathetic trunk without
synapsing:
*Target is in the abdominal cavity
*Target is in the pelvic cavity

47
Q

What happens to the fibers if the preganglionic sympathetic fibers choose route #1 (body wall of T1-L2(3) or viscera in the thoracic cavity)?

A

They synapse with a postganglionic cell body within a paravertebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk at the SAME level it entered the sympathetic trunk

48
Q

What happens to the fibers if the preganglionic sympathetic fibers choose route #2 (target superior to T1)?

A

They ascend within the sympathetic trunk to synapse with a postganglionic cell body located in a paravertebral ganglion in the cervical region (C1 – C8)

49
Q

What happens to the fibers if the preganglionic sympathetic fibers choose route #3 (inferior to L2 (L3))?

A

They descend within the sympathetic
trunk to synapse with a postganglionic cell body located in a paravertebral ganglion in the lower lumbar or sacral region

50
Q

What happens to the fibers if the preganglionic sympathetic fibers choose route #4 (leave the trunk w/o synapsing)?

A

The nerve is then called a thoracic
or lumbar splanchnic nerve

51
Q

What does the thoracic/lumbar nerve refer to?

A

Refers to the level of
the IML that their cell bodies are
located (not where their target is
located)

52
Q

Where do the thoracic/lumbar nerves synapse?

A

Prevertebral ganglion

53
Q

Where do splanchnic nerves go?

A

To viscera in a
cavity (thoracic, abdominal,
or pelvic)

54
Q

Does splanchnic tell you if it’s pre/post ganglionic?

A

No

55
Q

Does splanchnic tell
you if it is sympathetic or
parasympathetic?

A

No

56
Q

Where is cardiopulmonary
splanchnic nerve going to?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic
to thoracic cavity viscera

57
Q

Where is thoracic + lumbar splanchnic nerve going?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic
to abdominal & pelvic
cavity viscera

58
Q

Where is the pelvic splanchnic nerve going?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic distal
large intestine & pelvic cavity viscera

Anatomy (4 decks)

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