Exam 2-abdomen, Cardio Flashcards
When should auscultation of the abdomen be preformed?
Before percussion or palpation, because these can alter the characteristics of bowel sounds
What do bruits suggest when auscultations the abdomen?
Vascular occlusive disease
What are altered bowel sounds common in?
Diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus, and peritonitis
A bruit in the epigastrum and upper quadrants signifies what?
If it has both systolic and diastolic components, strongly suggest renal artery stenosis (HTN)
Bruits with both systolic and diastolic components suggest what?
Turbulent blood flow form atherosclerotic arterial disease
What are friction rubs heard in?
Present in hepatoma, gonococcal infection around liver, splenic infarction, and pancreatic carcinoma
How many clicks are gurgles are heard in the abdomen per minute?
5-34
What do decreased bowel sounds mean?
A dynamic ileus, peritonitis
What do increased bowel sounds mean?
Diarrhea, early intestinal obstruction
Where do you listen for bruits?
Over aorta, iliac arteries, and femoral arteries
Grating sounds with respiratory variation
Friction rubs
What is a soft humming noise with systolic and diastolic components?
Venous hum
Where do you listen for a venous hum?
Epigastric and umbilical regions
What is a venous hum caused by?
Increased collateral circulation between portal and systemic venous systems; liver cirrhosis
What is heard in liver cirrhosis?
Venous hum
What type of breath sound has inspiratory sounds last longer than expiratory sounds?
Vesicular
Characteristics of vesicular breath sounds
Soft intensity, relatively low pitch, found over most of both lungs
What type of breath sound is inspiratory and expiratory sounds almost equal?
Bronco-vesicular
Characteristics of bronco-vesicular breath sounds
Intermediate intensity, intermediate pitch
Where are bronco-vesicular breath sounds heard?
Often in the 1st and 2nd interspaces anteriorly and between the scapulae
What type of breath sounds is expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory ones?
Bronchial
Characteristics of bronchial breath sounds
Loud intensity, relatively high pitch
Where are bronchial breath sounds heard?
Over manubrium (larger proximal airways)
Inspiratory and expiratory are almost equal, intensity is very loud, pitch is relatively high
Tracheal breath sounds