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Radt 1502 A&P > Exam 2 - Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest cavity in the body?

A

abdominal cavity

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2
Q

which cavity in the body has the largest serious membrane?

A

abdominal cavity

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3
Q

sheet of peritoneum attached to intestines

A

mesentery

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4
Q

what are the folds of the peritoneum?

A

greater omentum and lesser omentum

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5
Q

function of the peritoneum

A

secrete fluids

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6
Q

behind peritoneum, encapsulates kidneys and pancreas

A

retroperitoneum

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7
Q

what is the order in the GI system?

A

small intestine
cecum (appendix)
large intestine
rectum
anus

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8
Q

what order are the parts of the small intestine in?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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9
Q

what order are the parts of the large intestine in?

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

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10
Q

what is the largest gland in the body?

A

liver

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11
Q

what are the lobes of the liver?

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

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12
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

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13
Q

where is the head of the pancreas?

A

lies in duodenum

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14
Q

what part of the pancreas produces enzymes that help digest food (pancreatic juice)?

A

exocrine

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15
Q

what part of the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon?

A

endocrine

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16
Q

epi =

A

above

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17
Q

hypo =

A

below

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18
Q

what does KUB stand for?

A

kidneys, ureter, bladder

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19
Q

what technique should you use on an abdomen x-ray?

A

kVp: 80, mAs: 20

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20
Q

where should the CR be for an AP supine abdomen?

A

at the level of the iliac crests

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21
Q

where should the CR be for an AP upright abdomen?

A

2 inches above iliac crests
(if bladder is needed then at level of iliac crests)

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22
Q

why would a PA abdomen be used?

A

to reduce gonadal dose

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23
Q

where should the CR be for an AP left lateral decubitus abdomen?

A

2 inches above iliac crest

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24
Q

what marker side do you use for decubitus?

A

side up

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25
where should the CR be for a lateral abdomen?
at iliac crests or 2 in above to include diaphragm
26
what projection demonstrates pre-vertebral space occupied by the abdominal aorta and any intra-abdominal calcifications or tumor or masses
lateral projection abdomen
27
what position is used to show air fluid levels in colon?
left dorsal decubitus
28
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
29
occurs in utero from fetal bowel perforation
meconium peritonitis
30
bulge or protrusion of tissue and/or an organ through a part of the body in which it is usually contained die to a weakness in the muscular wall
hernia
31
occurs when stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus on the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
32
The blood supply of the herniated viscous is so constricted by swelling and congestion as to arrest its circulation
strangulated hernia
33
abnormal twisting or torsion of intestine causing obstruction and impairment of normal blood flow
volvulus
34
Distended loop of bowel in the RUQ with a “coffee-bean” contour Cecum cannot be identified in the right lower quadrant. Associated small- bowel obstruction with distended centrally-located loops
cecal volvulus
35
hole in bowel that allows its contents to empty into abdominal cavity. can result sepsis and death
bowel perforation
36
abnormal connection (tunnel) between 2 organs or leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body
fistula
37
abnormal channel permitting the escape of pus
sinus tract
38
most common parasite, found in soil, in distal small bowel, children 1-10 egg in GI tract, migrates to lungs and travels to trachea, returns to GI for maturation
ascariasis
39
inflammation of small intestine, caused by contaminated substances, drugs like ibuprofen, abdominal pain, diarrhea
enteritis
40
excessive fluid in peritoneal cavity
acites
41
"to fall out of place" can happen to rectum, colon, uterus
prolapse
42
congenital defect, born with blocked or missing anus
imperforate anus
43
what is the abdominal & pelvic cavity separated by?
imaginary line at the level of the anterior iliac crest
44
What is the main function of the peritoneum?
protection
45
The large intestine is supported by?
mesentery
46
The term that describes the abdominal cavity lining?
peritoneum
47
Which organ is not in the peritoneum?
kidney
48
In what order does food pass into the rectum?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
49
What duct is directly connected to the gallbladder?
cystic duct
50
Which of these is a function of the pancreas?
acts as an endocrine gland/digestive gland
51
What organs are in the LLQ?
descending colon, sigmoid colon
52
What organs are in the RLQ?
ascending colon, appendix
53
What organs are in the LUQ?
left kidney, stomach, pancreas, transverse colon, descending colon, liver
54
What organs are in the RUQ?
liver, ascending colon, head of pancreas, gallbladder, stomach
55
What is the inferior border of the urinary bladder?
pubic symphysis
56
What prep is necessary for acute abdomen series?
no prep necessary
57
Which anatomical landmark correlates to the inferior border of the supine abdomen?
greater trochanter
58
Which structures can be seen on abdomen radiographic?
psoas muscle, transverse process of spine
59
Can you see ureters on abdomen x-ray?
no, would need contrast
60
Which pt position is preferred for a later decubitus to illustrate obstructed perforation if pt can't stand?
left lateral (right side up)
61
Where does a Volvulus occur?
within sigmoid and cecal areas
62
Which term describes excessive fluid within peritoneal cavity?
ascites
63
function of peritoneum?
secrete fluid, support organs, protection
64
what makes up the vasculature in the liver?
portal vein & hepatic artery
65
what is the function of the liver?
filter & produce bile
66
what is the function of the spleen?
produce lymphocytes & store and remove dead or dying RBC's
67
true or false? you want more gray tones and less contrast on an abdomen x-ray
true
68
should the patient be upright or supine if you are looking for air fluid levels?
upright
69
why do you use left lateral to show air in abdomen?
liver provides the density needed to outline the air versus the air-filled colon

Radt 1502 A&P (5 decks)

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