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Radt 1502 A&P > Exam 2 - Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest cavity in the body?

A

abdominal cavity

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2
Q

which cavity in the body has the largest serious membrane?

A

abdominal cavity

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3
Q

sheet of peritoneum attached to intestines

A

mesentery

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4
Q

what are the folds of the peritoneum?

A

greater omentum and lesser omentum

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5
Q

function of the peritoneum

A

secrete fluids

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6
Q

behind peritoneum, encapsulates kidneys and pancreas

A

retroperitoneum

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7
Q

what is the order in the GI system?

A

small intestine
cecum (appendix)
large intestine
rectum
anus

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8
Q

what order are the parts of the small intestine in?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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9
Q

what order are the parts of the large intestine in?

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

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10
Q

what is the largest gland in the body?

A

liver

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11
Q

what are the lobes of the liver?

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

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12
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

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13
Q

where is the head of the pancreas?

A

lies in duodenum

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14
Q

what part of the pancreas produces enzymes that help digest food (pancreatic juice)?

A

exocrine

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15
Q

what part of the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon?

A

endocrine

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16
Q

epi =

A

above

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17
Q

hypo =

A

below

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18
Q

what does KUB stand for?

A

kidneys, ureter, bladder

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19
Q

what technique should you use on an abdomen x-ray?

A

kVp: 80, mAs: 20

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20
Q

where should the CR be for an AP supine abdomen?

A

at the level of the iliac crests

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21
Q

where should the CR be for an AP upright abdomen?

A

2 inches above iliac crests
(if bladder is needed then at level of iliac crests)

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22
Q

why would a PA abdomen be used?

A

to reduce gonadal dose

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23
Q

where should the CR be for an AP left lateral decubitus abdomen?

A

2 inches above iliac crest

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24
Q

what marker side do you use for decubitus?

A

side up

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25
Q

where should the CR be for a lateral abdomen?

A

at iliac crests or 2 in above to include diaphragm

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26
Q

what projection demonstrates pre-vertebral space occupied by the abdominal aorta and any intra-abdominal calcifications or tumor or masses

A

lateral projection abdomen

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27
Q

what position is used to show air fluid levels in colon?

A

left dorsal decubitus

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28
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

29
Q

occurs in utero from fetal bowel perforation

A

meconium peritonitis

30
Q

bulge or protrusion of tissue and/or an organ through a part of the body in which it is usually contained die to a weakness in the muscular wall

A

hernia

31
Q

occurs when stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus on the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

32
Q

The blood supply of the herniated viscous is so constricted by
swelling and congestion as to arrest its circulation

A

strangulated hernia

33
Q

abnormal twisting or torsion of intestine causing obstruction and impairment of normal blood flow

A

volvulus

34
Q

Distended loop of
bowel in the RUQ
with a “coffee-bean”
contour
Cecum cannot be
identified in the right
lower quadrant.
Associated small-
bowel obstruction
with distended
centrally-located
loops

A

cecal volvulus

35
Q

hole in bowel that allows its contents to empty into abdominal cavity. can result sepsis and death

A

bowel perforation

36
Q

abnormal connection (tunnel) between 2 organs or leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body

A

fistula

37
Q

abnormal channel permitting the escape of pus

A

sinus tract

38
Q

most common parasite, found in soil, in distal small bowel, children 1-10
egg in GI tract, migrates to lungs and travels to trachea, returns to GI for maturation

A

ascariasis

39
Q

inflammation of small intestine, caused by contaminated substances, drugs like ibuprofen, abdominal pain, diarrhea

A

enteritis

40
Q

excessive fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

acites

41
Q

“to fall out of place” can happen to rectum, colon, uterus

A

prolapse

42
Q

congenital defect, born with blocked or missing anus

A

imperforate anus

43
Q

what is the abdominal & pelvic cavity separated by?

A

imaginary line at the level of the anterior iliac crest

44
Q

What is the main function of the peritoneum?

A

protection

45
Q

The large intestine is supported by?

A

mesentery

46
Q

The term that describes the abdominal cavity lining?

A

peritoneum

47
Q

Which organ is not in the peritoneum?

A

kidney

48
Q

In what order does food pass into the rectum?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

49
Q

What duct is directly connected to the gallbladder?

A

cystic duct

50
Q

Which of these is a function of the pancreas?

A

acts as an endocrine gland/digestive gland

51
Q

What organs are in the LLQ?

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon

52
Q

What organs are in the RLQ?

A

ascending colon, appendix

53
Q

What organs are in the LUQ?

A

left kidney, stomach, pancreas, transverse colon, descending colon, liver

54
Q

What organs are in the RUQ?

A

liver, ascending colon, head of pancreas, gallbladder, stomach

55
Q

What is the inferior border of the urinary bladder?

A

pubic symphysis

56
Q

What prep is necessary for acute abdomen series?

A

no prep necessary

57
Q

Which anatomical landmark correlates to the inferior border of the supine abdomen?

A

greater trochanter

58
Q

Which structures can be seen on abdomen radiographic?

A

psoas muscle, transverse process of spine

59
Q

Can you see ureters on abdomen x-ray?

A

no, would need contrast

60
Q

Which pt position is preferred for a later decubitus to illustrate obstructed perforation if pt can’t stand?

A

left lateral (right side up)

61
Q

Where does a Volvulus occur?

A

within sigmoid and cecal areas

62
Q

Which term describes excessive fluid within peritoneal cavity?

A

ascites

63
Q

function of peritoneum?

A

secrete fluid, support organs, protection

64
Q

what makes up the vasculature in the liver?

A

portal vein & hepatic artery

65
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

filter & produce bile

66
Q

what is the function of the spleen?

A

produce lymphocytes & store and remove dead or dying RBC’s

67
Q

true or false? you want more gray tones and less contrast on an abdomen x-ray

A

true

68
Q

should the patient be upright or supine if you are looking for air fluid levels?

A

upright

69
Q

why do you use left lateral to show air in abdomen?

A

liver provides the density needed to outline the air versus the air-filled colon

Radt 1502 A&P (5 decks)

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