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Aviation Safety > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the probable cause of USAir 1016?

A

Approach into severe convective activity that was conducive to a microburst
Failure to recognize windshear in a timely manner
The lack of real-time weather and windshear information from ATC

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2
Q

What were USAir 1016 safety issues?

A 
Microburst 
LLWS
WX dissemination
role of ATC
CRM
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3
Q

What were American Eagle 4184 safety issues?

A

Icing conditions
A/C design
Safety research

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4
Q

What wat the probable cause of American Eagle 1016?

A

Loss of control of the A/C due to sudden and unexpected aileron hinge movement reversal after a ridge of ice accreted beyond the deice boots

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5
Q

What were contributing factors of AE 1016?

A

FAA’s failure to ensure continued airworthiness of the ATR-42/72 in icing conditions

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6
Q

What was the probable cause of DL 191?

A

Crew’s decision to initiate and continue approach into cumulonimbus cloud
Lack of guidelines, procedures and training for avoiding windshear
Lack of real-time windshear information

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7
Q

What were DL 191 safety issues?

A 
Microburst
LLWS
WX dissemination
ATC factors
PIREPs 
ADM
CRM
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8
Q

What were USAIr Flight 405 safety issues?

A

Icing conditions
Procedural deviation
A/C performance
CRM

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9
Q

What was the probable cause of USAir 405?

A

Failure of the A/C industry and FAA to train flight crews in conditions conducive to airframe icing after ground delays
Crew’s decision to T/O w/o ensuring that the wings were free of ice

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10
Q

What were the safety issues of Southern Airways 242?

A 
Severe thunderstorm activity
Radar attenuation
CRM
Role of ATC
Dual engine failure
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11
Q

What was the probable cause of Southern Airways 242?

A

Total and unique loss of thrust from both engines

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12
Q

What were Southern Airways 242 contributing factors?

A

Failure of the company to provide timely severe wx information
Captain’s reliance on airborne wx radar
Limitations of the ATC system

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13
Q

The majority of runway incursions reported in 200 were?

A

Minor

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14
Q

Who causes the most runway incursions?

A

GA

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15
Q

What’s a category D rwy incursion?

A

Little or no chance of collision but meets the definition of a runway incursion

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16
Q

What’s a category C rwy incursion?

A

Separation decreases but there is ample time and distance to avoid a potential collision

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17
Q

What’s a category B rwy incursion?

A

Separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision

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18
Q

What’s a category A rwy incursion?

A

Separation decreases and participants take extreme action to narrowly avoid a collision

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19
Q

What were USAir 1493 and Skywest 5569 safety issues?

A

Situational awareness
Distraction
Role of ATC
CRM

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20
Q

What was the probable cause of USAir 1493 and Skywest 5569?

A

Failure of the LAX ATC management to implement procedures that provided redundancy comparable to the requirements contained in the National Operation Position Standards

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21
Q

What were TWA 427 and a C441 safety issues?

A

Pilot and ATC comm
Situational awareness
Active listening
Night operations

22
Q

What was the probable cause of TWA 427 and a C441?

A

Mistaken belief of the C441 pilot that his assigned departure rwy was 30R which was being used by the MD-82 for departure

23
Q

What were contributing factors for TWA 427 and a C441?

A

Lack of ATIS

Occasional use of ray 31 for departure

24
Q

What were the safety issues of United Express 5925 and a King Air?

A

Scanning techniques
Radio comm discipline
Monitoring CTAF

25
Q

What was the probable cause if United Express 5925 and a King Air?

A

Failure of the King Air pilots to monitor the CTAF or to scan for traffic

26
Q

What was the contributing factor for United Express 5925 and a King Air?

A

Interrupted radio transmission from a third A/C which led to the United pilots misunderstanding the transmission from the King Air pilots

27
Q

What were the safety issues of NWA 1482 and 299?

A 
CRM
Cockpit discipline
Pilot role reversal
Communication
ATC
ADm
28
Q

What was the probable cause of NWA 1482 and 299?

A

Lack of proper crew coordination including a role reversal by the DC-9 pilots which led to their failure to stop taxiing and alert ground of their positional uncertainty

29
Q

What were NWA 1482 and 299 contributing factors?

A

Problems with ATC
Surface markings
Company training

30
Q

What were the safety issues of PanAm 1736 and KLM 4805?

A 
Monitoring and challenging errors
ATC and pilot comm
CRM 
ADM
WX
31
Q

What was the probable cause of PanAM 1736 and KLM 4805?

A

KLM A/C had taken off without clearance due to a misunderstanding between the pilot and controller

32
Q

How do squall lines form?

A

When cold air downdrafts flowing ahead of the cold air lift the warm unstable air

33
Q

What’s an occlusion?

A

Cold front moves under warm front and pushes the air up

34
Q

What are the 4 families of clouds?

A

High
Middle
Low
Extensive vertical development

35
Q

What’s free convection?

A

Some type of external lifting action to bring the warm air from near the surface to the point where it’ll continue to rise

36
Q

What are stratus clouds?

A

Low-hanging
Uniform looking
Precipitation
Little or no turbulence

37
Q

What are cumulus clouds?

A

Form in convective currents
Some turbulence
No significant icing or precipitation

38
Q

What are the height ranges of high clouds?

A

Base 16,000 - 45,000 ft

Tops up to 60,000 ft

39
Q

What are rotor clouds?

A

From on the lee side of mountains

Severe turbulence

40
Q

What’s virga?

A

Precipitation that falls fromm high-based clouds
Evaporates and cools the air
Creates a strong downdraft

41
Q

What are the stages of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus stage
Mature stage
Dissipating stage

42
Q

What velocity can downdrafts reach during the mature stage?

A

Up to 2,500 fpm

43
Q

What velocity can updrafts reach during the mature stage?

A

Up tp 6,000 fpm

44
Q

What did Theodore Fujita do?

A

Created the F-scale

Came up with macro and micro burst in the 70’s

45
Q

What are airmass thunderstorms?

A

Local

Isolated

46
Q

What speed can microbursts reach?

A

168 mph

47
Q

What’s rime ice?

A

Forms in stratiform clouds when light drizzle or fog freeze instantaneously on impact

48
Q

What’s clear ice?

A

Forms in the presence of large raindrops when temperatures are between 0 and -10*C

49
Q

What’s the worst configuration for max wake turbulence?

A

Heavy
Clean
Slow

50
Q

Which airplane produces the most wake turbulence?

A

B757

Aviation Safety (2 decks)

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