Exam 2

Question 1

What is the name of the legendary twin son of Mars and Rhea Silvia who was destined to be the founder of Rome?

Answer 1

Romulus

Question 2

After the legendary twin sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia were placed in a flimsy basket and set adrift in the Tiber River, who rescued them?

Answer 2

A she-wolf

Question 3

Why were the legendary twin sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia placed in a basket and set adrift in the Tiber River?

Answer 3

Because Amulius wanted to eliminate any heirs to the throne

Question 4

A woman selected by her family to serve the goddess Vesta in chastity and obedience was called a:

Answer 4

Vestal Virgin

Question 5

What happened to Dido and Aeneas? a. Aeneas left Dido to become the founder of Rome b. Dido committed suicide c. Dido and Aeneas marries and became the first king and queen of Rome d. Dido and Aeneas had a child who became the founder of Rome e. None of the above f. A and B

Answer 5

A and B a. Aeneas left Dido to become the founder of Rome b. Dido committed suicide

Question 6

The Romans prized all of the following except: a. honesty b. thrift c. dedication to hard work d. manly virtues e. the pursuit of pleasure

Answer 6

The pursuit of pleasure

Question 7

What took precedence over everything in Roman society?

Answer 7

Obligations to the city

Question 8

What happened at Lake Vidimon in 308 BC?

Answer 8

The Romans conquered the Etruscans

Question 9

The Romans adopted all of the following values, ideas, ad advancements from the Etruscans except: a. equal rights for women b. gladitorial combat c. the masonry arch d. sanitary and civil engineering e. the idea of the triumphal procession

Answer 9

Equal rights for women

Question 10

The Romans rejected all of the following aspects of Etruscan culture except: a. elaborate tombs b. gladiatorial combat c. luxurious living d. the pursuit of pleasure e. equal rights for woman

Answer 10

Gladitorial combat

Question 11

How did the Romans treat their women?

Answer 11

They had scarcely any freedoms at all

Question 12

Did the Romans have values that were similar to the Greeks?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What is an oligarchy?

Answer 13

A government ruled by a small percentage of wealthy people

Question 14

In Roman society, the lad-owning aristocrats were called:

Answer 14

Patricians

Question 15

In Roman society, the commoners (those who were not members of the aristocracy) were called:

Answer 15

Plebeians

Question 16

All of the following are characteristics of the government set up by the patricians except: a. There were two consuls who governed with full power for one year. b. The consuls appointed patricians to life terms in the 300 member Senate. c. The Centuriate Assembly had less power than the Senate but elected consuls and voted on laws. d. Members of the lower classes served as jurors. e. The Assembly elected two censors who determined eligibility for military service.

Answer 16

Members of the lower classes served as jurors

Question 17

Were plebeians able to serve in the Roman government?

Answer 17

No, they could not serve at any level

Question 18

Because they could veto each other’s decision, the two consuls could put the state in jeopardy during a war. How did the Romans resolve this problem?

Answer 18

They created a new office called a dictator. The dictator was the supreme military commander.

Question 19

How did Julius Caesar become dictator for life?

Answer 19

He appointed himself

Question 20

During the 5th century BC, what did plebeian forces accuse judges of doing?

Answer 20

Abusing their office because there were no written laws

Question 21

What action was taken as a result of the plebeians’ complaints against the judges?

Answer 21

A very harsh code of laws was enacted

Question 22

What problem did Roman pragmatists fail to resolve that led to the Empire’s demise?

Answer 22

The problem of land ownership

Question 23

What happened to the working farmer? a. Absentee landlords controlled a large part of the agricultural market, leaving the working farmer with his small acreage struggling to make ends meet. b. Competition from estate holders plus drought and pestilence forced the working farmer into debt and ultimately into slavery. c. Large estates grew larger, operating with lower overheads because they used war booty slaves. d. Many farmers ended up as urban poor: landless and unemployed. e. All of the above. f. A and B

Answer 23

All of the above

Question 24

By the first century BC, what percentage of Rome’s population were slave laborers or living on welfare?

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

The wars between Rome and Carthage were called the:

Answer 25

Punic wars

Question 26

Which of the following occurred during the First Punic War? a. General Hannibal crossed the Alps with his elephants and attacked Rome from the rear. b. Carthage attempted to expand its trading empire by attacking Sicily. c. Marcus Portius Cato initiated and unprovoked attack on Carthage. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

Answer 26

Carthage attempted to expand its trading empire by attacking Sicily.

Question 27

During the second Punic War, how did General Hannibal cross the alps?

Answer 27

On elephants

Question 28

Why did Marcus Portius Cato want to attack Carthage?

Answer 28

He wanted Carthage for its fertile soil and abundant harvests

Question 29

What happened to Carthage during the third Punic War? a. Carthage was captured and demolished. b. The men were killed and the women and children were sold into slavery. c. Carthage fought against Rome and won. d. A and B e. None of the above.

Answer 29

A and B a. Carthage was captured and demolished. b. The men were killed and the women and children were sold into slavery.

Question 30

What was the name for the new and very rich class of war profiteering contractors, merchants, estate owners, province governors and generals?

Answer 30

The Equites

Question 31

Who did Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus represent?

Answer 31

The dispossessed - slaves, the jobless, and the landless

Question 32

What happened to Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus?

Answer 32

They were murdered/forced to commit suicide

Question 33

Marius did all of the following except: a. He was the first general to seize power b. He created the first police and fire departments c. He reorganized the army d. He won victories against North African and Celtic tribes e. He converted the army from amateurs to professionals

Answer 33

He created the first police and fire departments

Question 34

When did Rome’s civil war begin?

Answer 34

With the beginning of Rome’s war against King Mitridates in 88 BC

Question 35

Who was in the first ruling triumvirate?

Answer 35

Pompey, Caesar and Crassus

Question 36

Julius Caesar did all of the following except: a. Gave a daring speech in which he defended the legal rights of a treasonous conspirator. b. Paid huge bribes to the right people in order to advance his political career. c. Got himself appointed governor of the conquered portions of Gaul. d. Had an affair with Dido, queen of the Phoenician city of Carthage, in order to secure its tax money. e. Joined the democratic party and sided with the masses against the unpopular and entrenched aristocracy.

Answer 36

Had an affair with Dido, queen of the Phoenician city of Carthage, in order to secure its tax money

Question 37

Caesar conquered all of the following except: a. Egypt b. North Africa c. Greece d. Spain e. Russia

Answer 37

Russia

Question 38

How did Caesar solidify his power in Rome and raise money?

Answer 38

He campaigned in Egypt where he stabilized the reign of Queen Cleopatra, thus guaranteeing for himself all of the revenues

Question 39

What did Caesar do after he captured Gaul? a. He refused to follow the order that all field commanders must return to Rome without their troops. b. He invaded and conquered Italy in several weeks. c. He appointed family and friends to key posts in the government. d. He endowed a veterans’ pension fund from his own capital. e. All of the above. f. A and B

Answer 39

A and B a. He refused to follow the order that all field commanders must return to Rome without their troops. b. He invaded and conquered Italy in several weeks.

Question 40

Why was Julius Caesar killed? a. Because of patriotic concerns over constitutional violations. b. Because his reforms interfered with the corrupt practices of the bloated aristocracy. c. Because his killers were jealous of his power. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

Answer 40

All of the above a. Because of patriotic concerns over constitutional violations. b. Because his reforms interfered with the corrupt practices of the bloated aristocracy. c. Because his killers were jealous of his power.

Question 41

How did Octavian (Caesar Augustus) avenge Caesar’s death?

Answer 41

He drove two of Caesar’s assassins to suicide (Brutus and Cassius)

Question 42

Antony and Cleopatra are known for:

Answer 42

Using Caesar’s son in their own bid to try to capture the Empire from Octavian

Question 43

Who ruled after Caesar’s death?

Answer 43

Octavian

Question 44

Which of the following innovations was Octavian (Caesar Augustus) responsible for? a. He created civil service based on merit. b. He created police and fire departments. c. He sponsored public works projects. d. He endowed a veteran’s pension fund from his own capital. e. All of the above.

Answer 44

All of the above a. He created civil service based on merit. b. He created police and fire departments. c. He sponsored public works projects. d. He endowed a veteran’s pension fund from his own capital.

Question 45

Marcus Aurelius faced all of the following problems except: a. An increasing national debt due to military expenses. b. A declining population in Italy. c. A growing disinclination to take public office in cities outside Rome. d. Growing rebellion on the borders of the Empire. e. Religious unheaval.

Answer 45

Religious unheaval

Question 46

What is the Pax Romana?

Answer 46

A period in Roman history during which there were no wars

Question 47

What was the Edict of Milan?

Answer 47

It granted freedom of worship throughout the Empire

Question 48

What did the Roman Empire end?

Answer 48

476

Question 49

Who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire?

Answer 49

Theodosius

Question 50

After Christianity was declared the official religion of Rome, how did Christians treat members of other religions?

Answer 50

They persecuted them

Question 51

What is the name of this structure?

Answer 51

Keystone arch

Question 52

What is the name of this structure?

Answer 52

Barrel vault

Question 53

What is the name of this structure?

Answer 53

Groin vault

Question 54

What was the purpose of the aqueducts?

Answer 54

Aqueducts were structures that brought water from moutain streams into the city

Question 55

What was the purpose of the basillica?

Answer 55

Basillicas were large meeting halls

Question 56

What was the purpose of the Colosseum?

Answer 56

The Colosseum was a large sports stadium

Question 57

Which of the following has a drainage system in the floor?

a. The Pont du Gard
b. The Colosseum
c. The Basillica of Constantine
d. Maison Carree
e. The Pantheon

Answer 57

The Pantheon

Question 58

What did the triumphal arch symbolize to conquered people?

Answer 58

An oxen yoke

Question 59

How was the Pantheon lighten?

Answer 59

It had a large hole in the roof

Question 60

What is the name of this building?

Answer 60

The Colosseum

Question 61

Which of the following was later used as a model for the design of medieval cathedrals?

a. Basilicas
b. Aqueducts
c. The Pantheon
d. Roman temples

Answer 61

Basilicas

Question 62

What is the name of this structure?

Answer 62

The Pont du Gard

Question 63

Which of the following was constructed with a series of 80 barrel vaults arranged in a circle?

Answer 63

The Colosseum

Question 64

What is the name of this building?

Answer 64

The Pantheon

Question 65

How did Roman temples differ from Greek temples?

a. Roman temples were built on a cement slab.
b. The walls of Roman temples were enclosed with bricks.
c. The columns on the sides of Roman temples were decorative rather than structural.
d. Roman temples had a flight of stairs leading up to the portico whereas Greek temples only had three stairs.
e. All of the above.
f. 1 and 2 only.

Answer 65

All of the above

Question 66

What is this structure used for?

Answer 66

It was used for triumphal processions after a war victory

Question 67

Which of the following has a different style of Greek column on each level?

a. Maison Carree
b. Basilica of Constantine
c. The Pantheon
d. The Pont du Gard
e. The Colosseum

Answer 67

The Colosseum

Question 68

What is the name of this structure?

Answer 68

The Arch of Constantine

Question 69

Which of the following was used for gladitorial combat, battles between humans and animals, and other greusome sporting events?

a. The Pont du Gard
b. The Colosseum
c. The Basilica of Constantine
d. The Pantheon
e. The Arch of Constantine

Answer 69

The Colosseum

Question 70

Which technique was used to make this ceiling lighter?

Answer 70

It is coffered

Question 71

Which of the following is true?

a. Roman sculpture is more realistic than idealistic
b. Roman sculpture is more idealistic than realistic

Answer 71

Roman sculpture is more realistic than idealistic

Question 72

A ____ is palced at the beginning of the staff to show the exact names of the lines and spaces.

Answer 72

Clef

Question 73

The bass clef is used for:

Answer 73

Relatively low-pitched instruments and voices

Question 74

The treble clef is used for:

Answer 74

Relatively high-pitched instruments and voices

Question 75

The bass clef is sometimes called the:

Answer 75

F clef

Question 76

The treble clef is sometimes called the:

Answer 76

G clef

Question 77

How many tones are there in Western music?

Answer 77

Twelve

Question 78

Western music uses _____ of the alphabet to indicate pitch.

Answer 78

The first seven letters

Question 79

The names of the spaces in the treble clef can be remembered by chich of the following words?

a. CAGE
b. FADE
c. DEAF
d. FACE

Answer 79

FACE

Question 80

The names of the lines in the bass clef can be remembered by which of the following sayings?

a. all cows eat grass
b. bad cowboys smoke grass
c. good boys do fine always
d. good boys don’t ever fail
e. dumb birds can’t fly

Answer 80

Good boys do fine always

Question 81

The names of the lines in the treble clef can be remembered by which of the following sayings?

a. all cows eat grass
b. bad cowboys smoke grass
c. every good boy does fine
d. good boys don’t ever fail
e. dumb birds can’t fly

Answer 81

Every good boy does fine

Question 82

The names of the spaces in the bass clef can be remembered by which of the following sayings?

a. all cows eat grass
b. bad cowboys smoke grass
c. every good boy does fine
d. good boys don’t ever fail
e. bumb birds can’t fly

Answer 82

All cows eat grass

Question 83

What do these notes spell?

Answer 83

CAGE

Question 84

What do these notes spell?

Answer 84

FADE

Question 85

What are the dates of the Medieval Period?

Answer 85

ca. 400 - 1450

Question 86

An important phenomenon that changed life during the Medieval Period was:

Answer 86

The rise of Christianity

Question 87

According to the Roman calendar, what was the primary historical reference point?

Answer 87

The birth of Christ

Question 88

During the Medieval Period, what was the dominant religion in Western culture?

Answer 88

Christianity

Question 89

Where did Medieval people turn for spiritual guidance and leadership?

Answer 89

To the Christian church fathers

Question 90

During the Medieval period, people spent a great deal of time preparing for:

Answer 90

Heaven

Question 91

The Medieval period was characterized by:

a. Famine
b. Plagues
c. Warfare
d. Courtly anners and chivalry
e. All of the above

Answer 91

All of the above

a. Famine
b. Plagues
c. Warfare
d. Courtly anners and chivalry

Question 92

How was God viewed during the Medieval Period?

Answer 92

As a strict disciplinarian who doled out harsh punishment to those who failed to follow his commands

Question 93

What was the Cult of the Virgin Mary?

Answer 93

A general cultural phenomenon where worshippers prayed to Mary so that she might intercede on their behalf with God

Question 94

Whe the choir is separated into two or more groups, each of which si placed in a different part of the performance space for stereo effect, this is called:

Answer 94

Antiphonal singing

Question 95

All of the following are characteristics of Byzantine cathedrals except:

a. rounded arches
b. minarets
c. mosaics
d. rectangular floor plan
e. gargoyles

Answer 95

Gargoyles

Question 96

All of the following are characteristics of Gothic cathedrals except:

a. pointed typanum
b. large stained-glass windows
c. gargoyles
d. rounded Roman arches
e. flying butresses

Answer 96

Rounded Roman arches

Question 97

All of the following are characteristics of Romanesque cathedrals except:

a. cross-shaped floor plan
b. rounded Roman arches
c. large stained-glass windows
d. a rounded typanum
e. thick, rounded columns

Answer 97

Large stained-glass windows

Question 98

Gothic cathedrals are typically more ornate than Romanesque cathedrals. T/F

Answer 98

True

Question 99

Gothic cathedrals are older than Romanesque cathedrals. T/F

Answer 99

False

Question 100

Gothic cathedrals are usually taller than Romanesque cathedrals. T/F

Answer 100

True

Question 101

What type of church is this?

Answer 101

Byzantine

Question 102

What are these called?

Answer 102

Flying buttresses

Question 103

The nave of this church in constructed with:

Answer 103

Barrel vaults

Question 104

In what type of church would this artwork be found?

Answer 104

Byzantine

Question 105

What type of church is this?

Answer 105

Romanesque

Question 106

What type of church is this?

Answer 106

Romanesque

Question 107

What is this called?

Answer 107

Tympanum

Question 108

What are the tower-like structures on the side of this church called?

Answer 108

Minarets

Question 109

What are these called?

Answer 109

Gargoyles

Question 110

What type of church is this?

Answer 110

Byzantine

Question 111

What Bible story is depicted in this sculpture?

Answer 111

The Last Judgment

Question 112

What is this called?

Answer 112

Lancet arch

Question 113

In what type of church would you find this?

Answer 113

Gothic

Question 114

What type of church is this?

Answer 114

Byzantine

Question 115

What type of church is this?

Answer 115

Gothic

Question 116

What type of church is this?

Answer 116

Gothic

Question 117

What type fo church is this?

Answer 117

Gothic

Question 118

The eight daily services practiced in convents and monasteries were called:

Answer 118

The canonical hours

Question 119

The four services which were most important musically were:

Answer 119

Matins, Lauds, Vespers, and Compline

Question 120

In addition to attending services, what activities did monks and nuns participate in?

a. manuscript engraving
b. embroidery
c. teaching
d. composing music
e. all of the above

Answer 120

All of the above

a. manuscript engraving
b. embroidery
c. teaching
d. composing music

Question 121

In the Middle Ages, women were forbidden to sing in church. T/F

Answer 121

True

Question 122

What unique advantage did a cloistered life offer women?

a. the opportunity to learn to read and write
b. access to musical training
c. the opportunity to be ordained as a priestess
d. all of the above
e. a and b

Answer 122

A and B

a. the opportunity to learn to read and write
b. access to musical training

Question 123

Gregorian chant is some of the oldest recorded music in Western culture. T/F

Answer 123

True

Question 124

Why don’t we know much about music before the Medieval Period?

Answer 124

The music wasn’t written down

Question 125

Gregorian chant is _____ in texture.

Answer 125

Monophonic

Question 126

A melody without harmony or accompaniment is called:

Answer 126

Monophonic

Question 127

When a solo singer starts a chant and is later joined by the choir, this is called:

Answer 127

Responsorial singing

Question 128

What concern did the Medieval church fathers have about religious music?

Answer 128

They were afraid it would distract the worshippers

Question 129

The term syllabic means:

Answer 129

One note to a syllable

Question 131

The term neumatic means:

Answer 131

Two to four notes to a syllable

Question 132

The term melismatic means:

a. one note to a syllable
b. a melofy without harmony or accompaniment
c. music with multiple independant voices
d. two to four notes to a syllable
e. none of the above

Answer 132

None of the above

Question 133

A long passage with many notes to a syllable is often referred to as a:

Answer 133

Melisma

Question 134

All of the following are characteristic of Gregorian chant except:

a. all male or all female choir
b. unmetered with no clear downbeat
c. polyphonic
d. latin text
e. step-wise motion

Answer 134

Polyphonic

Question 135

A famous woman composer of Gregorian chant was:

Answer 135

Hildegard of Bingen

Question 136

Why didn’t most composers sign their musical compositions?

Answer 136

They believed that their work was for the purpose of glorifying God and not themselves

Question 137

_____ music has two or more independent parts or voices.

Answer 137

Polyphonic

Question 138

When a second part was added to a chant, the second part was called the:

Answer 138

Vox organalis

Question 139

In a polyphonic composition, the chant upon which it is based is called the:

Answer 139

Vox principalis

Question 140

When two voices move up or down at the same interval, this is called:

Answer 140

Parallel motion

Question 141

What is organum?

Answer 141

A type of music where two voices move in parallel motion at the itnerval of a fourth or fifth

Question 142

When two voices move in opposite directions, this is called:

Answer 142

Contrary motion

Question 143

When one voice moves up or down while the other stays on the same pitch, this is called:

Answer 143

Oblique motion

Question 144

Whe two voices move in the same direction but at different intervals, this is called:

Answer 144

Similar motion

Question 145

The style of singing in which the original chant are lengthened and the upper voice sings a decorative against it is called:

Answer 145

Florid organum

Question 146

Troubadour and trouver songs were about:

Answer 146

Love

Question 147

Who wrote troubadour and trouver songs?

Answer 147

French aristocrats

Question 148

All of the following are characteristics of troubadour and trouver songs except:

a. latin text
b. monophonic
c. sung by a soloist or combination male/female vocal ensemble
d. accompanied by instruments
e. syllabic or neumatic

Answer 148

Latin text

Question 149

What is this called?

Answer 149

The grand staff

Question 150

Which of the following instruments would read music from this?

a. piano
b. trombone
c. snare drum
d. violin
e. flute

Answer 150

Piano

Question 151

What are these called?

Answer 151

Ledger lines

Question 152

What is the purpose of these lines?

Answer 152

To extend the staff

Question 153

The pianist usually plays lower pitched notes with his/her _____ hand.

Answer 153

Left

Question 154

The higher pitched notes are located on the _____ hand side of the piano.

Answer 154

Right

Question 155

What is this called?

Answer 155

A score

Question 156

How are instruments arranged in a score?

Answer 156

From highest to lowest

Question 157

What is the proper arrangement of groups of instruments in a score?

Answer 157

Woodwinds, brass, percussion, harp, keyboard, strings

Question 158

A group of staves that are bracketed together are called:

Answer 158

A system

Question 159

All of the following are part of the four unique aspects of Judaism except:

a. Monotheism: There is only one god and he came to be viewed as universal
b. Covenant: God chose Israel to be his people and they accepted him as their god
c. Gravel images: images of God were placed in the temples. People were to worship the images and leave sacrifices on their alters.
d. The name God (Yaheh) was not to be taken “in vain,” i.e. was not to be spoken

Answer 159

Gravel images: images of God were placed in the temples. People were to worship the images and leave sacrifices on their alters.

Question 160

The first 5 books of the Bible are called the:

Answer 160

Pentateuch

Question 161

Which of the following words means “law,” “teaching,” and “direction”?

a. Torah
b. Covenant
c. Incarnation
d. Testament
e. Eucharist

Answer 161

Torah

Question 162

All of the following are the cardinal points of Jesus’s teaching except:

a. God is the creator and loving father of all mankind.
b. All people are the children of God and all men and women are brothers and sisters.
c. You must live an ascetic life of isolated contemplation, celibacy and self-denial in order to be saved.
d. Human beings are capable of better lives than they lead. Human inadequacies, imperfections and shortcomings can be forgiven if they are repentant.
e. Life is eternal and death is not extinction.

Answer 162

You must live an ascetic life of isolated contemplation, celibacy and self-denial in order to be saved.

Question 163

The idea that Christ’s death atoned for humankind’s inherent guilt is knwon as:

Answer 163

The Doctrine of Christ the Redeemer

Question 164

The Christian belief that the Son of God became a man in the person of Jesus Christ is referred to as:

Answer 164

The Incarnation

Question 165

What is a social religion?

Answer 165

A religion where believers must demonstrate their faith through acts of love, mercy, and compassion in the world

Question 166

Does Jesus leave any written account of his work?

Answer 166

No

Question 167

What is the Arian heresy?

Answer 167

The claim that God and Jesus cannot be one and the same because God the Father would ahve had to come before Jesus the Son in time

Question 168

All of the following were advocated by the Manichean religion (the religion that Augustine followed in his early years) except:

a. The belief that trust in a savior was required for salvation.
b. A dualistic belief in the powers of good and evil conflicting in the world.
c. The belief that the “elect” were required to lead a Spartan life.
d. The belief that strict celibacy was required to ensure immediate happiness after death.

Answer 168

The belief that trust in a savior was required for salvation.

Question 169

Did Augustine accept all of the doctrines of the Manicheans?

Answer 169

No, he could not accept the doctrines and ultimately became a skeptic, a believer in nothing

Question 170

What ruling did Constanting make about the ordination of priests?

Answer 170

He ruled that once the church ordained a priest, his administration of the sacraments remained valid even though his actions may be reprehensible

Question 171

The doctrine of the infalibility of the church stemmed from the belief that

Answer 171

The efficacy of the sacraments lay in the priestly office

Question 172

According to Augustine, what is the only reality?

Answer 172

God

Question 173

According to Augustine and other believers of the Middle Ages, what was the only true goal in life?

Answer 173

Union with God

Question 174

What kind of life did Augustine lead before his conversion?

Answer 174

A lusty life of pleasure

Question 175

According to Augustine, all of the following are true except:

a. All events are simultaneour for God
b. God knowns about events without influencing them
c. People have free will
d. God knows about and influences all events

Answer 175

God knows about and influences all events

Question 176

According to Augustine, which is true?

a. In God’s realm, past and future have no meaning. All is present.
b. In God’s realm, the flow of time is similar to the flow of time on earth.
c. In God’s realm, time flows slightly faster than time on earth.
d. In God’s realm, time flows much slower than time on earth.

Answer 176

In God’s realm, past and future have no meaning. All is present.

Question 177

Which of the following describes Augustine’s feelings about material possessions?

a. If the world is God’s creation, it must be good.
b. Being overly concerned with the acquisition of worldly goods can turn a person away from God.
c. God gives worldly possessions to those he loves.
d. All of the above.
e. A and B

Answer 177

A and B

a. If the world is God’s creation, it must be good.
b. Being overly concerned with the acquisition of worldly goods can turn a person away from God.

Question 178

According to Augustine, all of the following would be “seminal reasons for created things” except:

a. trees
b. ideas
c. human bodies
d. animals
e. rocks

Answer 178

Ideas

Question 179

According to Augustine, who was in the City of God?

Answer 179

Those who were faithful believers in Jesus and members of the church

Question 180

What is the name for the medieval contractual arrangement by which a lord granted land to his vassal (manservant) in esxchange for military service?

Answer 180

Feudalism

Question 181

What is the name for the system whereby a lord resided in his manor and gave a small parcel of land to a priest, and a strip of land to his serf to farm?

Answer 181

Manorialism

Question 182

All of the following characterize the life of the serfs except:

a. They had the bare necessities.
b. They rarely traveled beyond the manor on which they lived.
c. Education was unknown and illiteracy was the norm.
d. There was little news from the outside world.
e. If the serf outlived the lord, he inherited the lord’s land.

Answer 182

If the serf outlived the lord, he inherited the lord’s land

Question 183

How does the textbook characterize the relationship between Islam and Christianity?

Answer 183

Distrust, fear and open warfare

Question 184

Who is the chief deity of Mecca?

Answer 184

Allah

Question 185

What does the word “Islam” mean?

Answer 185

Submission

Question 186

Muslims believe in all of the following except:

a. Allah, who is the only God
b. The angels - Gabriel and others
c. The sacred books - Old and New Testaments, Psalms of David and the Koran
d. The prophets - Muhammad, Abraham, Noah, Moses and Jesus
e. The Messiah who will return to earth to save the world from sin.
f. Resurrection on the Day of Judgment.
g. The Qador - God’s plan fo rthe collective benefit of all mankind.

Answer 186

The Messiah who will retun to earth to save the world from sin

Question 187

Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Faith for Muslims?

a. Belief in the Incarnation
b. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
c. Giving to the poor
d. Pilgrimage to Mecca
e. The obligation of five daily prayers

Answer 187

Belief in the Incarnation

Question 188

What does the word “Muslim” mean in Arabic?

Answer 188

Believer

Question 189

What is the Shahadah?

Answer 189

The saying “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

Question 190

During the Middle Ages, what did the west accuse Muslims of being?

Answer 190

Infidels

Question 191

In the early stages of Islam, all able-bodied men were required to fight in the holy war. What was this war called?

Answer 191

The Jihad

Question 192

Kibla

Answer 192

The side of the mosque facing Mecca

Question 193

Mihrab

Answer 193

A niche in the wall of a mosque indicating the direction of Mecca

Question 194

Minibar

Answer 194

The high pulpit from which an Islamic preacher delivers the sermon

Question 195

Sahn

Answer 195

The ritual pool in mosque courtyards in which the faithful make their ablutions

Question 196

Minaret

Answer 196

A slender tower attached to a mosque from which a meuzzin calls the faithful to prayer

Question 197

What did people believe would happen in the year 1000 AD?

Answer 197

The world would end

Question 198

Which of the following led to the rise and expansion of medieval cities?

a. The increase of farm land due to the drainage of swamps.
b. The nobles’ need for central military forces for quicker mobilization to fight bigger wars.
c. Increasing trade and commerce.
d. All of the above.
e. A and B.

Answer 198

All of the above

a. The increase of farm land due to the drainage of swamps.
b. The nobles’ need for central military forces for quicker mobilization to fight bigger wars.
c. Increasing trade and commerce.

Question 199

How did the rise of cities affect trade and commerce?

Answer 199

Merchants setup stalls under the protection of churches and abbeys in order to sell goods

Question 200

What was the official stated agenda of the Crusaders?

a. To rescue the Holy Lands from its Muslim inhabitants
b. To make Christian shrines accessible to Western pilgrims
c. To conquer the world
d. All of the above
e. A and B

Answer 200

A and B

a. To rescue the Holy Lands from its Muslim inhabitants
b. To make Christian shrines accessible to Western pilgrims

Question 201

Which of the following did women in the Middle Ages do while their husbands were away at war?

a. Elevated standards of behavior, dress, and manners
b. Introduced poetry and music to the courts
c. Efficiently managed their estates
d. All of the above
e. A and B

Answer 201

All of the above

a. Elevated standards of behavior, dress, and manners
b. Introduced poetry and music to the courts
c. Efficiently managed their estates

Question 202

Who was considered to be France’s first professional writer and an early feminist?

Answer 202

Christine de Pisan

Question 203

Which of the following established Courts of Love which wrote legal sounding codes of etiquette that led to a transformation from a fighting code to a human and courtly standard?

a. Christine de Pisan
b. Hildegard of Bingen
c. Ebbo of Reims
d. Artemesia Gentileschi
e. Eleanor of Aquitane

Answer 203

Eleanor of Aquitane

Question 204

The Christian doctrine of the Father (God), Son (Jesus), and the Holy Ghost is known as:

Answer 204

The Trinity

Question 205

Which of the following describes the view of women in the Middle Ages?

a. Women were inferior to men and regarded as property
b. Woemn were regarded as equal to men
c. Women were regarded as superior to men
d. Women had slightly less status than a man but the same rights

Answer 205

Women were inferior to men and regarded as property

Question 206

Why did people often pray to the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages?

Answer 206

Because they sought mercy rather than harsh judgment and it was believed that Mary could mercifully intercede for the faithful

Question 207

During the Middle Ages, Mary was seen as the possessor of all womanly virtues - warm, loving, beautiful and pure in body and soul. Who was seen as her opposite?

Answer 207

Eve

Question 208

The belief that an idea is real but that is does not exist either before or after a particular physical thing (reality as an idea exists only in sense-apparent objects) is knwon as:

Answer 208

The Conceptualist Position

Question 209

The idea that physical things are the only reality is known as:

Answer 209

The Nominalist Position

Question 210

The idea that the ultimate reality is permanent, unchanging, without material substance and, according to the church, existing in the mind of God is knwon as:

Answer 210

The Realist Position

Question 211

Why was Abelard’s book Sic et non a bombshell for the church?

Answer 211

It exposed contradictions between what the church fathers were saying and what the Bible said

Question 212

All of the following subjects were part of the quadrivium except:

a. Arithmetic
b. Geometry
c. Astronomy
d. Music
e. Literature

Answer 212

Literature

Question 213

The trivium was composed of what three subjects?

Answer 213

Grammar, rhetoric, and logic

Question 214

Which of the following is true?

a. Medieval women were not allowed to attend universities
b. Medieval women were allowed to attend universities
c. Upper class medieval women were allowed to attend universities byt not lower class women

Answer 214

Medieval women were not allowed to attend universities

Question 215

Which of the following was true in the Middle Ages?

a. Whenever church doctrine was inexplicable or contrary to reason, doctrine was believed and intellect denied.
b. Whenever church doctrine was inexplicable or contrary to reason, intellect was believed and doctrine was denied.

Answer 215

Whenever church doctrine was inexplicable or contrary to reason, doctrine was believed and intellect denied.

Question 216

The element of music defined as the organization of music in time or, more specifically, the system of signs and symbols that indicate the lengths of notes and rests and how they are grouped together is called:

Answer 216

Rhythm

Question 217

The regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is called the:

Answer 217

Beat

Question 218

A group containing a fixed number of beats is called a:

Answer 218

Measure

Question 219

The first beat of a measure if called the:

Answer 219

Downbeat

Question 220

Measures are separated by:

Answer 220

Barlines

Question 221

The organization of beats into regular groups is called:

Answer 221

Meter

Question 222

Stressed beats are called:

Answer 222

Strong beats

Question 223

Unstressed beats are called:

Answer 223

Weak beats

Question 224

A song with two beats to the measure is in:

Answer 224

Duple meter

Question 225

In quadruple meter, which beats are usually stessed?

Answer 225

The first and sometimes the third beats

Question 226

Most waltzes and minuets are in:

Answer 226

Triple meter

Question 227

When an accent occurs on an unexpected beat, such as a weak beat, this is called:

Answer 227

Syncopation

Question 228

A particularly hard accent on a singlenote is called:

Answer 228

Sforzando

Question 229

A sforzando piano is:

Answer 229

A loud, hard accent on a single note followed by a sudden reduction in volume

Question 230

Grave

Answer 230

Very slow, solemn

Question 231

Largo

Answer 231

Very slow, broad

Question 232

Lento

Answer 232

Slow

Question 233

Andante

Answer 233

Moderately slow

Question 234

Moderato

Answer 234

Moderate

Question 235

Allegretto

Answer 235

Moderately fast

Question 236

Allegro

Answer 236

Fast

Question 237

Vivace

Answer 237

Very fast, lively

Question 238

Prestissimo

Answer 238

As fast as possible

Question 239

A note played with special interest is called:

Answer 239

An accent

Question 240

Most marches are in:

Answer 240

Duple meter

Question 241

The song Take Five is in _____ meter

Answer 241

Quintuple

Question 242

Which of the following songs alternates between duple and triple meter?

a. Waltz of the Flowers by Peter Tchaikovsky
b. The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn
c. “Finale” from Symphony No. 9 by Franz Schubert
d. America by Leonard Bernstein
e. Menuetto by Johann Sebastian Bach

Answer 242

America by Leonard Bernstein

Question 243

In Dante’s Inferno, what doe sthe dark woods symbolize?

Answer 243

Error and worldliness

Question 244

In Dante’s Inferno, what does the hill symbolize?

Answer 244

The mount of joy

Question 245

What is the symbol for divine illumination in Dante’s Inferno?

Answer 245

The sun

Question 246

Which of the following animals symbolizes malice and fraud?

a. the snake
b. the leopard
c. the she-wolf
d. the tiger
e. the lion

Answer 246

The leopard

Question 247

Which of the following animals symbolizes violence and ambition?

a. the snake
b. the leopard
c. the she-wolf
d. the tiger
e. the lion

Answer 247

The lion

Question 248

Which of the following animals symbolizes incontinence?

a. the snake
b. the leopard
c. the she-wolf
d. the tiger
e. the lion

Answer 248

The she-wolf

Question 249

In Dante’s Inferno, what does Virgil symbolize?

Answer 249

Human reason

Question 250

What route must Dante take in order to get to the light of God?

Answer 250

He must first descend through Hell, then ascend through Purgatory and then towards the light of God

Question 251

Which of the following descripes opportunists?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 251

Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves

Question 252

Which of the following describes the outcasts?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 252

They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels

Question 253

What punishment to the opportunists and outcasts get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.
i. They walk upon the burning plain. The rain descends as fire. They are subject to the wrath of nature.

Answer 253

Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air

Question 254

Which of the following describes the carnal?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.
i. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.

Answer 254

They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.

Question 255

What punishment do the carnal get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 255

They are forever swept up in the tempestof Hell, denied the light and reason of God

Question 256

Which of the following describes the gluttons?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 256

They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God

Question 257

What punishments do the gluttons get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 257

They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vlie slush, and freezing rain

Question 258

Which of the following describes the hoarders and wasters?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 258

They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses

Question 259

What punishment do the hoarders and waters get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 259

The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight

Question 260

What punishment do the wrathful and the sullen get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 260

They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn

Question 261

What is the name of the capitol of Hell?

Answer 261

The City of Dis

Question 262

Who guards the capitol of Hell?

Answer 262

The rebellious angels

Question 263

Which of the following describes the heretics?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying immortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 263

They did violence to God by denying immortality

Question 264

What punishment did the heretics get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 264

They are placed in fiery tombs

Question 265

Which of the following describes the violent against neighbors?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They abandoned themselves to the tempest of their passions. They were preoccupied with bodily and sexual pleasures.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
g. They did violence to God by denying immortality.
h. They shed the blood of others.

Answer 265

They shed the blood of others

Question 266

What punishment do the violent against their neighbors get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 266

They are immersed in boiling blood forever

Question 267

What punishment do the suicidal get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. They must spend eternity in a gigantic garbage dump filled with stinking snow, vile slush and freezing rain.
c. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
d. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
e. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
f. They are placed in fiery tombs.
g. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
h. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.

Answer 267

Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odious harpies, the overseers of the damned

Question 268

Which of the following describes the panderers and seducers?

a. They shed the blood of others.
b. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
c. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
d. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
e. They deceive the senses.
f. They pretend to be someone else.
g. They are falsifiers of money.
h. They are falsifiers of words. They give false testimony.

Answer 268

They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes

Question 269

What punishment do the panderers and secucers get?

a. They are placed in fiery tombs.
b. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
c. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.
d. They walk upon the burning plain. The rain descends as fire. They are subject to the wrath of nature.
e. They make two files, one along either bank of the ditch and are driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with great lashes.
f. They are sunk in excrement.
g. They are placed upside down in round, tub-like holes and their feet are set ablaze. The holes symbolize baptismal fonts.
h. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.

Answer 269

They make two files, one along either bank of the ditch and are driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with great lashes.

Question 270

What punishment do the flatterers get?

a. They are placed in fiery tombs.
b. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
c. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.
d. They walk upon the burning plain. The rain descends as fire. They are subject to the wrath of nature.
e. They make two files, one along either bank of the ditch and are driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with great lashes.
f. They are sunk in excrement.
g. They are placed upside down in round, tub-like holes and their feet are set ablaze. The holes symbolize baptismal fonts.
h. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.

Answer 270

They are sunk in excrement

Question 271

Which of the following describes the simoniacs?

a. They are sellers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.
b. Their lives were neither for good nor evil but only for themselves.
c. They took no sides in the rebellion of the angels.
d. They lacked all moderation in regulating their expenses.
e. They did violence to God by denying immortality.
f. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
g. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
h. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.

Answer 271

They are sekkers of ecclesiastical favors. They made a mockery of holy office.

Question 272

What punishment do the simoniacs get?

a. They are buried forever below the stinking waters of the river Styx, gargling the words of an endless chant in a grotesque parody of singing a hymn.
b. They are immersed in boiling blood forever.
c. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.
d. They make two files, one along either bank of the ditch and are driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with great lashes.
e. They are sunk in excrement.
f. They are placed upside down in round, tub-like holes and their feet are set ablaze. The holes symbolize baptismal fonts.
g. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.
h. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.

Answer 272

They are placed upside down in round, tub-like holes and their feet are set ablaze. To holes symbolize baptismal fonts.

Question 273

What punishment do the fortune tellers and diviners get?

a. The sinners are divided into two raging mobs, each soul among them straining madly at a great boulder-like weight.
b. They are sunk in excrement.
c. They are placed upside down in round, tub-like holes and their feet are set ablaze. The holes symbolize baptismal fonts.
d. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.
e. They are sunk in boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch.
f. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.
g. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
h. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.

Answer 273

Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on thier bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears

Question 274

Which of the following describes the grafters?

a. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
b. They did violence to God by denying imortality.
c. They shed the blood of others.
d. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
e. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
f. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
g. They pretend to be someone else.
h. They are falsifiers of money.

Answer 274

They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly

Question 275

What punishment did the grafters get?

a. Eternally unclassified, they race round and round pursuing a wavering banner that runs forever before them through dirty air.
b. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.
c. They are sunk in boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch.
d. They are weighted down by great leaden robes. They walk eternally round and round a narrow track. The robes are brilliantly gilded on the outside and are shaped like a monk’s habit.
e. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.
f. They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din.
g. Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.

Answer 275

They are sunk into boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch

Question 276

Which of the following describes the hypocrites?

a. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
b. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
c. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
d. They deceive the senses.
e. They pretend to be someone else.
f. They are falsifiers of money.

Answer 276

They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful

Question 277

What punishment do the hypocrites get?

a. They are sunk in boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch.
b. They are weighted down by great leaden robes. They walk eternally round and round a narrow track. The robes are brilliantly gilded on the outside and are shaped like a monk’s habit.
c. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
d. They are hacked and torn through all eternity by a great demon with a bloody sword.
e. They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din.
f. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.
g. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
h. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads

Answer 277

They are weighted down by great leaden robes. They walk eternally round and round a narrow track. The robes are brilliantly gilded on the outside and are shaped like a monk’s habit.

Question 278

What punishment does Caiaphas, the high priest of the Jews who counseled the Pharisees to crucify Jesus in the name of public expedience, get?

a. He must carry a cross for eternity.
b. He is crucified to the floor of Hell by three great stakes.
c. His body bleeds forever in the places where nails were driven into Jesus’s body.
d. He is buried in ice, forever denied the warmth and light of God.

Answer 278

He is crucified to the floor of Hell by three great stakes

Question 279

What punishment do the evil counselors get?

a. They are forever swept up in the tempest of Hell, denied the light and reason of God.
b. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.
c. They are sunk in boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch.
d. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.
e. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
f. They are hacked and torn through all eternity by a great demon with a bloody sword.
g. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.
h. They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces area above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors.

Answer 279

They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience

Question 280

What punishment do the thieves get?

a. They are placed in fiery tombs.
b. They are sunk in excrement.
c. Their punishment is to have their heads turned backwards on their bodies and to be compelled to walk backwards through all eternity, their eyes blinded by tears.
d. They are sunk in boiling pitch and guarded by demons who tear them to pieces with claws and grappling hooks if they catch them above the surface of their pitch.
e. They are weighted down by great leaden robes. They walk eternally round and round a narrow track. The robes are brilliantly gilded on the outside and are shaped like a monk’s habit.
f. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.
g. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
h. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.

Answer 280

They are in a put of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope

Question 281

What punishment do the sowers of discord get?

a. They are in a pit of monstrous reptiles who curl themselves about the sinners like living coils of rope.
b. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
c. They are hacked and torn through all eternity by a great demon with a bloody sword.
d. They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din.
e. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.
f. Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.
g. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
h. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads

Answer 281

They are hacked and torn through all eternity by a great demon with a bloody sword

Question 282

Which of the following describes the falsifiers?

a. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
b. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
c. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
d. They deceive the senses.
e. They wallowed in food and drink and made no higher use of the gifts of God.
f. They shed the blood of others.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.

Answer 282

They deceive the senses

Question 283

What punishment do the falsifiers get?

a. They are sunk in excrement.
b. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
c. They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din.
d. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.
e. Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.
f. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
g. They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces area above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors.

Answer 283

They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din

Question 284

Which of the following describes the evil impersonators?

a. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
b. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
c. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
d. They deceive the senses.
e. They pretend to be someone else
f. They shed the blood of others.
g. They did violence to God by denying imortality.

Answer 284

They pretend to be someone else

Question 285

What punishment do the evil impersonators get?

a. They are hidden in great flames which are their own guilty conscience.
b. They are hacked and torn through all eternity by a great demon with a bloody sword.
c. They are punished by affliction of every sense: by darkness, stench, thirst, filth, loathsome diseases, and a shreiking din.
d. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.

Answer 285

They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.

Question 286

Which of the following describes the evil counterfeiters?

a. They took advantage of their position to gain money and property dishonestly.
b. They appear holy on the outside but are deceitful.
c. They deceive the senses.
d. They pretend to be someone else.
e. They are falsifiers of money.
f. They are falsifiers of words. They give false testimony.

Answer 286

They are flasifiers of money

Question 287

What punishment do the counterfeiters and false witnesses get?

a. They must run without pause, chasing the internal apparition of those they impersonated while they are preyed upon by their own furies.
b. Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.
c. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
d. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads
e. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.

Answer 287

Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.

Question 288

Which of the following describes the false witnesses?

a. They goaded others to serve their own foul purposes.
b. They deceive the senses.
c. They are falsifiers of money.
d. They are falsifiers of words. They give false testimony.

Answer 288

They are falsifiers of words. They give false testimony.

Question 289

WHat is the climate like in the bottom of hell?

Answer 289

It is all ice

Question 290

What punishment do the blasphemers, sodomites, and userers get?

a. Their souls are encased in thorny trees and their leaves eaten by odius harpies, the overseers of the damned.
b. They walk upon the burning plain. The rain descends as fire. They are subject to the wrath of nature.
c. They make two files, one along either bank of the ditch and are driven at an endless fast walk by horned demons who hurry them along with great lashes.
d. They are sunk in excrement.

Answer 290

They walk upon the burning plain. The rain descends as fire. They are subject to the wrath of nature.

Question 291

What punishment do the treacherous to the ties of hospitality get?

a. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
b. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads
c. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.
d. They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces area above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors.

Answer 291

They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces are above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors

Question 292

What punishment do the treacherous to their countries get?

a. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
b. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads
c. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.
d. They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces area above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors.

Answer 292

They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.

Question 293

What punishment do the treacherous against blood ties get?

a. Punished by loathsome diseases, they cannot move from where they lie. The disease is compounded by other afflictions including an eternity of unbearable thirst.
b. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
c. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads
d. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.

Answer 293

Their bodies are submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads.

Question 294

What punishment do the treacherous to their masters get?

a. They are submerged in ice. Their heads are above the ice but they cannot bend their heads.
b. Their bodies area submerged in ice. Their necks and heads are out of the ice and they are permitted to bow their heads
c. They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.
d. They are submerged in ice. Only half their faces area above the ice and their tears freeze in their eye sockets, sealing them with crystal visors.

Answer 294

They lie completely sealed in ice, twisted and distorted into every conceivable posture.