Exam 2 Flashcards
Superficial Spreading Melanomas
most common
what do nails reflect
overall general health of the patient
what causes cradle cap
increased sebum production
yeast overgrowth
treatments for pemphigus include
Corticosteroids Cytotoxic Agents Antibiotics Analgesices Antiipriuretics Fluids increase protein increase calories
do you want a wound to be moist
yes, but not too moist
what is an autolytic cream do
natural enzymes break down eschar
NOT FOR INFECTED WOUNDS
risk factors for pressure ulcers include
immobility impaired circulation elderly impaired sensory perception very thin or obese
complications that can arrise from psoriasis
secondary infection
arthritis
nail changes
lymphadenopathy
where is candida most often found
skin folds
under breasts
mouth
groin
Pemphigus
autoimmune disorder
bullae on skin/mucous membranes (boil/lesion)
what should you educate the patient on with contact dermatitis
frequent diaper changes no harsh detergents no wipes with chemicals air out the affected area mild soaps barrier creams
what environments do Candida/Thrush thrive in
warm/moist environments
increased pH
Cyst
saclike growth
contains something inside
what is the education for scabies
self medication
treat family members
wash clothes/linens
itching may continue 2 weeks following treatment
the general s/s of dermatitis include
rash
itching
lesions
why are obese patients also at risk for pressure ulcers
adispose tissue has little vascularization
scabies
sarcoptes scabei mites
burrow into the skin
contagious
contact with infectious clothing/animals
Herpes Zoster is characterized by
acute inflammation/infection
painful vesicles
follows nerve distribution (one area/side)
what can Impeligo cause if it is not treated
Glomerulonephritis
how often should you educate the patient do move/shift weight
every 15 minutes
shear
patients slides down when HOB is elevated
when is HSV not contagious
when scabs form
types of Pediculosis include
Pediculosis Capitis=head
Pediculosis Corporis=body
Pediculosis Pubis=pubis
balneotherapy
therapeutic baths
applies medications to large areas
where can Impeligo be contracted
pets pools towels fingernails beauty/barbershops
Carbuncle
abscess of skin and sub-q tissue
deeper than furuncle
staph
what are aggrevating factors of psoriasis
stress strep pharyngitis hormone changes cold weather skin trauma some drugs (lithium, BB, antimilarial drugs)
where do you check the skin turgor on older adults
sternum
collar bone
how can you prevent shingles (herpes zoster)
avoid the infected Varicella Vacine (Varivax) Zostavax
treatment for scabies include
topical scabicides (kill them) antipriruritics
what are s/s of dermatitis
itching (pruritis)
redness
skin lesions
what are the types of biopsys
punch
shave
excisional
what are the triggers for Pemphigus
sun
some drugs/foods
s/s of contact dermatitis
large erythematous patch with discrete geometric pattern itching edema vesicles papules skin folds spared with diapers
what can be caused by itching
infection
how is herpes simplex virus contracted
direct contact
respiratory droplet
fluid exposure
what is the cardinal s/s for Impeligo
honey colored crusts
where are Furuncles most commonly found
areas prone to perspiration and friction
buttocks, axillae
what is debridement
removal of the dead tissue
what occurs in the vesicles/pustules phase of HSV
burning, itching, pain
Cellulitis
infection and inflammation of skin/connective tissue
what has to be done for children under age 2
mechanical removal
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
what are anticonvulsants/antidepressants used for in treatment of shingles (herpes zoster)
used for nerve pain (neuropathic pain)
Herpes Zoster is also known as
Shingles
alopecia
hair loss
what are Tineas caused by
dermatophytes
what is important to do with a patient that has Cellulitis
draw a border around the inflammation/redness
what are thick nails related to
fungal infections
what is woods light used to detect
UV light to detect fluorescent materials in skin/hair
what is a common powder used
Nystatin
yeast infections
herpes simplex virus can what in the body
lay dormant
reoccur with stress
what type of people does shingles mostly occur in
those with decreased immune function
elderly
AIDS
Nodular Melanomas
occurs suddenly blue/black, blue/gray, reddish blue fragile, bleeds easily metastizes quickly poor prognosis
what are the non-immunological (irritants) causes of contact dermatitis
diaper dermaitits feces urine harsh detergents friction
Tinea Cruris
"Jack Itch" bathe daily clean underwear loose clothes dont share personal items
when does Contact Dermatitis occur
direct skin contact with irritant or allergen
when assessing hair, what should you assess
color
quantity
thickness
texture
treatments for Tineas include
clean/dry skin topical antifungals oral antifungals corticosteroids teach to avoid spread
topical scabicides include
Permethrin
Crotamiton
when is Impeligo no longer contagious
when the vesicles are crusted over
what is different with infants/peds
thinner epidermis blood vessels are close to the surface less sub-q fat epidermis loosley bound to the dermis contains more water less pigmentation more alkaline (basic) puts them at a risk for infections
how does shingles occur
reactivation of varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)
s/s of pediculosis include
itching, papular rash, teardrop shaped masses on hair
what does red mean for pressure ulcer
healing
s/s of cellulitis
warm red edema pain fever lymphadenopathy sepsis
treatment of psoriasis
vitamin D cream (slows skin cell division)
Enbrel (alters the immune system)
Methotrexate (hepatotoxic, no in pregnancy)
Psoriasis
inflammatory disorder, scaling, chronic disease, proliferation of epidermal cells at a rapid rate (overgrowth of skin cells)
s/s of Atopic Dermatitis
dry skin
pruritic (itching)
serous fluid
flare ups
if their is an infection on the face, what is of concern
THE BRAIN
Atopic Dermatits is caused by
environmental triggers, food, stress, summer sweat
when would a pressure ulcer be unstageable
if it is covered in necrosed tissue or exudate
Tinea Capitis
on the scalp
contagious
when should you assess the Braden Scale
daily
Lentigo Melanomas
slow growing
exposed portions of the face
good prognosis
what is clubbing related to
hypoxia
where is HSV 2 found
below waist
genital herpes
TInea Corporis
ringworm
can be caused by pets
if an allergic contact dermatitis what should you educate on
oatmeal baths
cool compress
loose clothing
tepid baths
what do topical enzymatic creams do
destroy bad/dead tissue
KEEP OFF HEALTHY TISSUE (can also destory it)
treatment for HSV includes
Antivirals (Acyclovir, Zovirax)
antibiotics for secondary infection
avoid triggers
what is a deep tissue injury
bruised are but it isnt cause by trauma
caused by pressure and can indicate necrosis
Verrucae (Wart)
usually on hands, fingers, or feet
what is a blood supply study
doppler
treatment for carbuncles
soap and water
antibiotics
dont share towels
discard razors after use
treatment for cradle cap includes
daily shampooing with seborrheic shampoo
Tinea Unguium
toenails
thickening of the toenails
s/s of psoriasis
papules
plaques
silver/white scales
itching
Atopic Dermatits example is
Eczema
s/s of herpes zoster (shingles)
vesicles plaques irritation itching fever malaise SEVERE PAIN
where is HSV 1 found
above the waist
fever blisters
what causes pressure ulcers
pressure tissue anoxia (collapse of capillaries)
how often should you reposition your patient
at least every 2 hours
when should you avoid using powder
patients with respiratory issues
Tinea Pedis
athletes foot
wear water shoes in public
topical cream
where are carbuncles commonly found
thick skin
back of neck
upper neck
buttocks
what occurs with the use of steroids
can cause thinning of the skin
treatment of acne vulgaris include
Benzoyl Peroxide
Vitamin A Acid
Antibiotics
Estrogen Therapy
what are the immunological (allergen/hypersensitivity) causes of contact dermatitis
nickel jewelry
poison ivy/oak
beaus lines
transverse depressions
can be related to diabetes
spoon shaped nails are related to
anemia
Acne Vulgaris characteristics
increased sebum production
blocked sebaceous ducts
increased with stress and external irritants
how is it spread
viral infection–by direct skin contact
Impeligo
caused by staph or step bacteria
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
what occurs in the Prodromal Phase of HSV
burning, tingling
what is stage 4 pressure ulcer
full thickness lost, can see bone and muscle tissue
s/s of Acne Vulgaris
Comedomes
open=blackheads
close=whiteheads
Pediculosis is also known as
lice
Verrucae is caused by
HPV
treatments for dermatitis include
Hydrocortisonse
Methylprednisolone
ABCDE’s of detecting a melanoma
Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolution
seborrheic dermatitis is also known as
cradle cap
s/s of cradle cap
thick greasy patches white/off white yellow scaling on the vertex of scalp non-priuritic (itchy)
s/s of pressure ulcer
pain
open ulcerated area
color (black, yellow, red)
risk factors that can lead to melanomas
UV Rays Fair Skin Genetics X-Ray Therapy Chemicals Immunosuppressants
Furuncle
small tender boil
deep in one or more hair follicles
staph
when is the antiviral Acyclovir most effective to treat shingles
if it is treated within 72 hours of onset
what are the 3 types of malignant melanomas
Lentigo
Superficial Spreading
Nodular
what are complications of herpes zoster (shingles)
Postherpetic Neuralgia Presistent Dermatomal Pain Hyperesthesia Sepsis Opthalmic Herpes Zoster (affects 5th cranial nerve)
Keloid
overgrowth of tissue during scar formation
what does the Braden Scale assess
Sensory Perception Moisture Activity Mobility Nutrition Friction and Shear
medications used to treat Pediculosis include
Permethrin
Pyrethrin
Lindane
what should people avoid with Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
avoid fragrances pat dry avoid harsh soaps/oils soft/loose fitting clothes no fabric softeners
if someone has Pediculosis Pubis, what would you also test for
STD
how long should open wet dressings be used until you remove them
less than 72 hours
what bacteria causes cellulitis
staph
MRSA
strep
friction
sheet burn, dragging patient on bed linens
