exam 1 Flashcards
what is the optic nerve #
cranial nerve 2
when does low vision occur (numbers)
20/70
when does legal blindness occur
20/200
what is OD
right eye
what is OS
left eye
what is OU
both eyes
when checking the 6 cardinal fields of gaze, what nerves are checked for functioning
3, 4, 6
estropia
deviation towards nose
exotropia
deviation away from nose
hypotropia
deviation downward
hypertropia
deviation upward
what is PERRLA
pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, and have accomidation
ptosis
drooping of the eyelid
tonometer
checks intraocular pressure
what is arcas senilis
lipid deposit around the cornea (white ring)
older adults
what is the one thing that increases with vision as you age
increase opacity
how should you wipe the eye
inner to outer
what should you cover when giving eye drops
punctum (tear ducts)
what should you not do with an eye patch
watch tv
read
what is conjuncitivits
inflammation of the conjunctiva
what is important to remember about both viral and bacterial conjuncitivitis
VERY CONTAGIOUS
s/s of conjunctivitis
redness itching crusty exudate pain itching excessive tears
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
Keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
s/s of keratitis
pain
sensitivity to light
tearing
hordeolum
stye, adscess in the sebaceous gland at base of eyelash
chalazion
larger than hordeolum
s/s of hordeolum
tender, swelling
s/s of chalazion
firm, painless
Emmetropia
normal vision
Ametropia
abnormal vision
presbyopia
age related changes due to vision that occurs after 40
what is important when interacting with blind people
identify yourself
let them know where things are (especially when eating)
speak before touching
tell them when you are leaving
what is retinal detachment
seperation of the retina from the layer beneath
is there pain with retinal detachment
NO
no pain receptors
what are s/s of retinal detachment
sudden change of vision
loss of peripheral vision
decreased visual acuity
what is glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve which sends info from eye to the brain
what is the end stage of glaucoma
loss of peripheral vision
which form of glaucoma is an emergency
AACG (acute angle closure glaucoma)
what is AACG related to
the anatomy of the eye
unilateral (one eye)
SEVERE PAIN
what is POAG
degeneration of the drainage system of the eye which blocks flow of aqueous humor
is POAG painful
no, it is gradual and painless
what medications are given to help glaucoma
Miotics
how do miotics work
constrict the pupils
what medications SHOULD NOT be given with glaucoma
Mydriatics
what medications are mydriatics
atropine
diphenhydramine/hydroxyzine
Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
what do mydriatics do
dilate pupils
what are cataracts
opacity (cloudy) formation of the lens
what can cataracts be caused by
smoking alcohol age DM UV light
s/s of cataracts
PAINLESS increased sensitivty to glare hazy/blurred vision double vision decreased color vision
what is macular degeneration
age related is the leading cause of blindness (>50)
what are the two types of macular degeneration
dry (atrophic)
wet (exudative)
after what age can a lazy eye no longer be fixed
7
what can help strabismus
eye patching stronger eye, glasses, eye exercises
what are s/s in child with strabismus
double vision
appear clumsy
what cranial nerve is classified as the vestibulococular nerve
cranial nerve 8
what does the eustachian tube do
equalize pressure
what is Presbycusis
the first loss of hearing is high frequency
doesnt help if you talk louder
what antibiotics are ototoxic
gentamyocin, vancomyocin
what do you pull on child
down on pinna
what do you pull on adult
up on pinna
what are the three types of hearing loss
conductive
sensorinerual
mixed
what is conductive hear loss
sound impulses do not get though external canal to the inner ear
what are causes of conductive hearing loss
foreign body cerumen infection perforation trauma tumores cyst
what is sensorinerual hearing loss
loss of hearing in the inner ear due to the cochlea and hair cells and nerve endings
what causes sensorinerual hearing loss
measles mumps meningitis ototoxic drugs noise aging disease
what are s/s of ototoxicity
tinnitus
dizziness
hearing loss
what causes mixed hearing loss
CVA (stroke)
tumors
furuncle
hair follicle infected
carbuncle
multiple hair follicles affected
Perichondritis
infection of auricle
when should you NOT irrigate the eardrum
if the eardrum had been perforated
what is the most common infection
otitis media (middle ear)
what are the causes of otitis media
fluid
pus
air
what kind of pain occurs with otitis media when it perforates
pain before
no pain after
when does mastoiditis occur
when otitis media is not treated
what is myringotomy
tubes inserted
what is osteosclerosis
hardening of the ear that creates conductive loss
s/s of labyrinthitis
vertigo
tinnitus
sensorineural hearing loss
nystagmus
what is the traid of menieres disease
vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss
what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
short lasting, severe, room spinning, unpredictable, occurs with head position changes
when should stuttering be a worry
after 5 years
