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MATERNAL/INFANT > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Genital Fistulas

A

Perforation between genital tract organs

*surgery does not always fix

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2
Q

When does urinary incontinence become increased

A

Increased number or pregnancies

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3
Q

What do ovarian cysts depend on

A

Hormonal influences associated with the menstrual cycle

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4
Q

What are the most common cysts in young normal ovaries

A

Follicular cysts

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5
Q

What causes polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

A

Endocrine issue
Increased estrogen, increased testosterone, increased LH
Decreased FSH

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6
Q

S/s of PCOS

A 
Obesity 
Hirsutism (hair growth)
Irregular menses
Infertility 
Glucose intolerance 
Hyperinsulinemia
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7
Q

Where do uterine polyps originate

A

Endometrial tissue

Cervix

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8
Q

What are the nursing interventions for post op removal of uterine polyps

A

No tampons
No sex for a week
Bleeding
Infection

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9
Q

informed consent (BRAIDED) includes

A 
Benefits
Risks
Alternatives
Inquiries (let them ask)
Decisions
Explanations
Documentation
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10
Q

what is the cornerstone of the nursing care for planned interventions

A

Education

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11
Q

what type of barrier methods can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

A

diaphragms
cervical caps
sponges

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12
Q

how do oral contraceptives work

A

inhibit ovulation by preventing formation of a follicle and suppressing LH

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13
Q

what are some warnings/side effects that can occur when on contraceptives (ACHES)

A 
abdominal pain
chest pain/SOB
headaches (sudden/persistent)
eye problems (HTN/vascular accident)
severe leg pain (thrombosis)
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14
Q

Progestin Only (mini pill) is good for who

A

moms who are breastfeeding

won’t affect milk supply

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15
Q

what is an important reminder with the mini pill

A

must be taken every day at the same time

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16
Q

what can happen after depo is ended

A

fertility may be delayed for 3 months

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17
Q

what can too much progesterone cause

A

recurrent yeast infections and acne

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18
Q

what can injectable progestins cause

A 
irregular bleeding/spotting
decreased libido
weight gain
depression
mood changes
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19
Q

when is the start dose best to start

A

first day of menses

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20
Q

if a patient does a quickstart, what is important to educate them on

A

they can start at any time

use backup contraception for 7 days

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21
Q

if there is one missed dose for combos, what should the patient do

A

take next tablet and next scheduled pill at the same time

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22
Q

what should the patient do if more than 3 pills are missed

A

discontinue the pack, allow for withdrawal bleeding, start new pack after

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23
Q

if a patient misses a dose of the progestin only pill, what should the patient do

A

take the pill as soon as they notice

backup contraception needed for 48 hours after

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24
Q

when is the lactational amenorrhea method not effective

A

if mom is pumping

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25
Q

where does implantation occur

A

endometrium

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26
Q

what are the first layers developed of the fetal membranes

A

chorion

amnion

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27
Q

what is amniotic fluid good for

A

space for movement/protection
thermoregulation
nutrients/fluid

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28
Q

what does the amniotic fluid prevent

A

adhering of the amnion to the fetus

umbilical cord compression

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29
Q

what is Polydramnios and what can it indicate

A

too much amniotic fluid (>2,000)
can indicate GI malformation
TWINS

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30
Q

what is Oligohydramnios and what can it indicate

A

too little amniotic fluid (<300)

can indicate renal malformations of fetus

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31
Q

what can amniotic fluid be tested for

A

genetic disorders

32
Q

what is the umbilical cord protected by

A

Whartons jelly

33
Q

what do the arteries do in the umbilical cord

A

carry deoxygenated blood and waste AWAY from the fetus

34
Q

what does the vein do in the umbilical cord

A

carry oxygenated nutrient rich blood TO fetus

35
Q

what is the placenta considered

A

endocrine gland

36
Q

what hormones does the placenta regulate

A

HCG
Progesterone
Estrogen
HPL (needed for fetal growth/development)

37
Q

what does the placenta regulate the transport of

A

gases
nutrients
wastes

38
Q

what is different about fetal circulation

A

blood is shunted from the lungs while in utero

39
Q

if there is a decrease in fetal heart rate, what can this mean

A

there is a problem with perfusion

40
Q

how can the fetal heart rate be increased

A

by doing things with the mom such as turning the mom

41
Q

what is produced during week 20-24 weeks to reduce sticking of the lungs and reduce surface tension

A

surfactant

42
Q

what is L/S (Lecithin/Sphingomyelin)

A

2 chemicals in the lungs

43
Q

what should be the L/S ratio and what does it indicate

A

2:1

indicates lung maturity

44
Q

what is gravidity/gravida

A

pregnancy

45
Q

what is term birth

A

birth after 37 weeks

46
Q

what is preterm birth

A

birth before 37 weeks

47
Q

what is considered abortion

A

spontaneous (natural) or medical/therapeutic

48
Q

nulligravida

A

no pregnancies

49
Q

premigravida

A

pregnant for the first time

50
Q

what are presumptive signs (what patient feels) of pregnancy

A 
amenorrhea
fatigue
breast changes (heaviness, dark areola)
nausea
frequency
quickening (movement of fetus)
51
Q

what are probable signs of pregnancy (observed by the examiner)

A 
Goodell Sign (softening of the cervix)
Chadwicks Sign (blueish purple color of cervix)
Hegar Sign (softening of the lower segment of the uterus)
pregnancy test (can have false positives)
Ballottment Sign (fetus bounces when cervix is tapped)
52
Q

what are positive signs of pregnancy (definite evidence)

A

ultrasound
fetal heart rate
palpation of fetal movement

53
Q

what is the Mucous Plugs purpose and when it leaves the uterus does it mean water has broke

A

acts as barrier against infection for the baby

no, can leave uterus weeks or days before birth

54
Q

does the heart remain in its normal position during pregnancy

A

no

displaced to the left

55
Q

when does the BP drop during pregnancy and is this normal

A

usually drops around 20 weeks

normal

56
Q

what can occur if a women remains too sedentary during pregnancy and why

A

can increase the risk for blood clots

body is in a hypercoaguable state (increased clotting factors, protective mechanism)

57
Q

what can occur in the nose during pregnancy

A

nasal stuffiness
espistaxis (bloody nose)
more vascular due to estrogen

58
Q

what is Melasma

A

blotchy brown “mask of pregnancy”

common in darker complected females

59
Q

Linea Negra

A

fades after birth

60
Q

what is exaggerated Lordosis

A

slopping of the back

normal

61
Q

what is pica and what can it indicate

A

craving something that isn’t food

usually gives clues to what she is defficient in

62
Q

what hormone maintains pregnancy

A

Progesterone

63
Q

what hormone causes morning sickness

A

HCG

64
Q

how does the baby get glucose

A

relies on the maternal glucose

65
Q

during the first trimester, what occurs with the mother in regards to glucose

A

results in decreased maternal BGL

66
Q

During the 2nd trimester, what occurs with the mother

A

maternal tissue has decreased sensitivty to insulin

67
Q

Because the mother has decreased sensitivity to insulin, what 2 important things does this do to the mother and baby

A

stimulates pancreas of healthy women to produce more insulin

makes more glucose for fetal energy needs

68
Q

why should the babies BGL be monitored

A

they are used to high glucose, can become hypoglycemic

69
Q

what is the most important adaptation for a women to make during pregnancy

A

accepting the pregnancy, verbalizing the pregnancy

acceptance

70
Q

what is Couvade Syndrome

A

dad experiences pregnancy like symptoms

71
Q

what are the 5 things screened on EVERY pregnant women (need consent)

A 
HIV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia 
GBS (Group B Strep)
72
Q

what can Group B Strep do in pregnancy

A

pass to the baby, baby can become septic
not an STD
changes with each pregnancy

73
Q

what should the patients do if the baby isn’t active after 20 weeks

A

notify the HCP

74
Q

what are abnormal discomforts for pregnant women

A

bright red bleeding
uterine contractions
changes in fetal movement

75
Q

what are the two immunizations that are NOT okay for pregnant women

A

MMR

Varicella

MATERNAL/INFANT (3 decks)

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