Exam 2 Flashcards
autoclave
a pressure steam sterilizer.
clean
in medical asepsis, devoid of all gross contamination and free of many microorganisms.
contaminated
anything that is not sterile.
dirty
any object or person that has not been cleaned or sterilized for removal of microorganisms
disinfection
cleaning process that
destroys most pathogens but not necessarily their spores.
medical aspesis
practice of reducing
the number of microorganisms or pre venting and reducing transmission
of microorganisms from one person (source) to another; also referred to as “clean technique.”
sterile
free of microorganisms, asep
tic; unable to bear children, infertile, barren.
sterile technique
surgical asepsis
sterilization
process that destroys all microorganisms and spores.
surgical asepsis
uses sterile technique
antimicrobial agent
: a chemical that decreases the number of pathogens in an area by suppressing and destroying their growth.
aspesis
practices that minimize or elim inate organisms that cause infections or disease.
bacteremia
presence of bacteria in the blood.
endogenous
normally occurring or existing within the body or in the community.
exogenous
referring to organisms that enter from outside the body and cause infection.
invasive
: term used to describe surgery and some diagnostic tests that involve an incision or puncture through the skin, insertion of an instrument
medical asepsis
uses clean technique
standard precautions
safety pre
cautions designed for the care of all clients regardless of diagnosis or infection status.
ppe
personal protective equipment
airborne precautions
precautions taken when a person has an illness
that can be carried in the air or on dust
particles. Common measures include special air handling and ventilation.
colonization
microorganisms present in
a person, who shows no signs or symptoms of illness.
contact precautions
precautions taken against diseases that can be transmit ted through direct contact between a susceptible host’s body surface and
an infected or colonized person. Common measures include use of personal protective equipment.
droplet precaution
precautions taken to prevent the spread of diseases trans mitted by microorganisms propelled through the air from an infected per son and deposited on the host’s eyes, nose, or mouth.
infection
the invasion and multiplica
tion of infective agents in body tissues with a resultant reaction (illness or injury) to their presence and/or their toxins.
infectious disease
disease that is communicable
isolation
: separation from others;
separation of people with infectious diseases from others.
neurotropenic isolation
attempts to pre
vent harmful microorganisms from coming into contact with the client; also called reverse or neutropenic isolation.
protective isolation
attempts to pre
vent harmful microorganisms from coming into contact with the client; also called reverse or neutropenic isolation.
transmission based precautions
pre
cautions designed for clients with specific infections or diagnoses.
Anuria
complete suppression of urine secretion in the kidney.
calculi
stones
constipation
: difficult or infrequent and
hardened bowel movements.
cystitis
inflammation of any bladder
defecation
discharge of solid waste matter (feces) from the intestines.
dehydration
: removal of water; lack of
fluid/water in the body.
diarrhea
abnormal frequency and flu idity of discharge from the bowels.
distention
swelling or fullness, as in urinary distention.
dysuria
difficult or painful urination or voiding.
edema
: abnormal fluid accumulation in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body; puffiness.
emesis
the act of vomiting; the product
of vomiting, vomitus.
enuresis
: involuntary urine discharge,
usually occurring during sleep; bedwetting.
fecal impaction
accumulation of hard ened stool in the rectum.
flatus
: gas in the intestines or stomach;
gas expelled through the anus.
incontinence
: inability to control urina
tion or defecation (adj: incontinent).
kegel exercises
exercises designed to increase sphincter tone by tightening,holding, and releasing the muscles of the pelvic floor and sphincter, used to improve incontinence.
melena
passage of dark-colored stools containing partially or fully digested blood; also used to mean abnormal blood in the stool or vomitus.
micturition
passage of urine from the urinary bladder; also called voiding, urinating.
nocturia
excessive voiding (urination) during the night.
oliguria
deficient urinary secretion or infrequent urination.
polyuria
voiding an excessive amount of urine.
projectile vomiting
emesis expelled with great force
renal colic
severe, penetrating lower back pain, caused by a stone becom ing lodged in the ureter.
steatorrhea
excess fecal fat; occurs in
malabsorption syndromes or deficien cies of pancreatic enzymes, often causes floating stools.
urgency
desire or sensation of needing to void immediately.
urinary catheter
tube inserted into the
bladder through the urethra to remove urine.
urinary frequency
voiding more often than usual without an increase in total urine volume.
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder of urine.
urinary suppression
stopping or inhi bition of urination. Suppression of secretion-urine is not formed. Suppression of excretion-urine is not expelled.
voiding
peeing
vomitus
stomach contents expelled by vomitus.
expectorate
spitting out and cough ing up mucus or other fluid from the lungs and the throat.
guaiac
stool examination for blood;
also known as Hemoccult.
hematest
a test for occult (hidden) blood in stool or body secretions
hemoccult
a test for occult (hidden) blood in stool or body secretions.
hydrometer
urinometer (used to meas
ure specific gravity of a liquid, such as urine).
occult
hidden.
residual urine
urine that remains in the bladder after voiding at least once.
specific gravity
: a substance’s weight,
as compared with another. Fluids, such as urine, are compared to pure water, which has a specific gravity of 1.000.
urinalysis
examination of urine.
urinometer
: an instrument that deter mines urine’s specific gravity; also called urometer, hydrometer.
bolus feeding
instillation of liquid nourishment four to six times a day in less than 30 minutes
continuous feeding
instiullation of liquid nourishment without interruption
cyclic feeding
continuous instillation of liquid nourishment for 8 to 12 hours
decompression
removal of gas and secretions from the stomach or bowel
dumping syndrome
cluster of symptoms resulting from the rapid deposition of calorie dense nourishment into the small intestine
enteral nutrition
nourishment provided via the stomach or small intestine rather than the oral route
gastric reflux
increased peristaltic activity
gastric residual
volume of liquid remaining in the stomach
gastrostomy tube
transabdominal tube located in the stomach
gavage
provision of nourishment
intermittent feeding
gradual instillation of liquid nourishment four to six times a day
intestinal decompression
removal of gas and intestinal contents
intubation
placement of a tube into a structure of the body
jejunostomy tube
transabdominal tube that leads to the jejunum of the small intestine
lavage
wash out ; remove poisonous substances
lumen
channel
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a tube from nose into stomach
nasogastric tube
tube that is placed in the nose and advanced to the stomach
nasointestinal intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose into the intestine
nasointestinal tubes
insertion of a tube through the nose to the intestine
ostomy
surgically created opening
percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy tube
transabdominal tube inserted into the stomach under endoscopic guidance
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
tube that is placed through a PEG tube into the jejunum
stylet
metal guidewire
sump tubes
tubes that contain a double lumen
tamponade
pressure
transabdominal tubes
tubes placed through the abdominal wall
