Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Malndible
A
Jawbone
2
Q
Thorax
A
Chest
3
Q
Pelvis
A
Below Abdomen
4
Q
Anatomical Position
A
standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy
5
Q
Plane
A
a flat surface formed with slicing through a solid object
6
Q
Midline
A
an imaginary line drawn down the center dividing the right & left halves
7
Q
Medial
A
toward the midline of the body
8
Q
Lateral
A
to the side, away from the midline if the body
9
Q
Mid-axillary Line
A
a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
10
Q
Ventral
A
synonym for anterior
11
Q
Dorsal
A
synonym for posterior
12
Q
Proximal
A
closer to the torso
13
Q
Distal
A
farther away from the torso
14
Q
Torso
A
the body without the head and extremities
15
Q
Palmar
A
palm of the hand
16
Q
Plantar
A
sole of the foot
17
Q
Mid-Clavicular Line
A
the line thru the center of each clavicle (collar bone)
18
Q
Supine
A
lying on back
19
Q
Prone
A
lying face down
20
Q
Fowler position
A
a sitting position
21
Q
Ligament
A
tissue that connects bone to bone
22
Q
Tendon
A
tissue that connects muscle to bone
23
Q
Musculoskeltal system structures
A
Bones
Joints
Muscles
24
Q
Musculoskeletal system fuctions
A
supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, stores minerals, and produces movement
25
Respiratory system structures
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Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
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26
Endocrine system structures
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Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries
```
27
Endocrine system fuctions
regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of the body
28
Renal/Urinary system structures
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
29
Renal/Urinary system functions
Filters waste products out of the body and removes them from the body
30
Maxillae
the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
31
Orbits
eye sockets
32
Zygomatic arches
bones that form the structure of the cheeks
33
Sternum
breastbone
34
Manubrium
superior portion of the sternum
35
Xiphoid process
the inferior portion of the sternum
36
ilium
the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
37
ischium
the lower, posterior of the pelvis
38
Acetabulum
the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
39
Femur
the large bone of the thigh
40
Patella
the kneecap
41
Tibia
the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
42
Fibula
the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
43
Malleolus
at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle
44
Tarsals
the ankle bones
45
Metatarsals
the foot bones
46
Calcaneus
the heel bone
47
Phalanges
the toe bones and finger bones
48
Scapula
the shoulder blade
49
Acromion process
the highest portion of the shoulder
50
Acromioclavicular joint
the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
51
Humerus
the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow
52
Radius
the lateral bone of the forearm
53
Ulna
the medial bone of the forearm
54
Carpals
wrist bones
55
Metacarpals
the hand bones
56
Joint
the point where two bones come together
57
Automaticity
the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
58
Larynx
the voice box
59
Inhalation
an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow in to the lungs
60
Exhalation
a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs
61
Ventilation
the process of moving gases (O2 & Co2) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood;
breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths
62
Respiratory
the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulation blood and the cells
63
Cardiac conduction system
a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
64
Coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
65
Aorta
the largest artery in the body, which transports blood from the left ventricle
66
Peripheral pulses
the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsal pedis pulses
67
Central pulses
the carotid and femoral pulses
68
Perfusion
the supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
69
Nervous system
the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought
70
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs wihout passing through the spinal cord
71
Pancreas
a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
72
Endocrine system
system of glands that produce chemichals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
73
Epinephrine
a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
74
Renal System (Urinary system)
the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood.
75
Kidneys
organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
76
Ureters
the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
77
Metabolism
the cellular fuctions of converting nutrients into energy
78
Electrolyte
the substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles
79
Aerobic Metabolism
the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.
80
Anaerobic metabolism
the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen.
81
FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen
82
Patent
open and clear; free from obstruction
83
Chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
84
Plasma oncotic pressure
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
85
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
86
Stretch receptors
sensors in blood vessels that identify intermal pressure
87
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system
88
V/Q match
ventilation/perfusion match; having enough air & blood for optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
89
Hypoperfusion (shock)
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
90
Edema
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
91
Hypersensitivity
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
92
Infancy phase
stage of life from birth to 1 year of age
93
Moro reflex
when startled, an infant throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with his fingers and arms
94
Palmar reflex
when you place your finger in an infant's palm, he will grasp it
95
Rooting reflex
when you touch a hungry infant's cheek, he will turn his head toward the side touched
96
Toddler phase
12-36 months
97
Preschool phase
3-5 years
98
School phase
6-12 years
99
Adolescense phase
13-18 years
100
Early adulthood phase
19-40 years
101
Middle adulthood phase
41-60 years
102
Late adulthood phase
61-Older
103
Stridor
a high pitched sound generated from parially obstructed air flow in the upper airway
104
Diffusion
a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
105
Pulmonary respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
106
Cellular respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood
107
Respiration (breathing)
pulmonary respiration and cellular respiration
108
Respiratory distress
increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath
109
Respiratory failure
the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life
110
Hypoxia
an insufficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues
111
Cyanosis
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body
