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EMT Certification Class > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Malndible

A

Jawbone

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2
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

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3
Q

Pelvis

A

Below Abdomen

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4
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy

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5
Q

Plane

A

a flat surface formed with slicing through a solid object

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6
Q

Midline

A

an imaginary line drawn down the center dividing the right & left halves

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7
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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8
Q

Lateral

A

to the side, away from the midline if the body

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9
Q

Mid-axillary Line

A

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

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10
Q

Ventral

A

synonym for anterior

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11
Q

Dorsal

A

synonym for posterior

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12
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the torso

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13
Q

Distal

A

farther away from the torso

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14
Q

Torso

A

the body without the head and extremities

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15
Q

Palmar

A

palm of the hand

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16
Q

Plantar

A

sole of the foot

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17
Q

Mid-Clavicular Line

A

the line thru the center of each clavicle (collar bone)

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18
Q

Supine

A

lying on back

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19
Q

Prone

A

lying face down

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20
Q

Fowler position

A

a sitting position

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21
Q

Ligament

A

tissue that connects bone to bone

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22
Q

Tendon

A

tissue that connects muscle to bone

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23
Q

Musculoskeltal system structures

A

Bones
Joints
Muscles

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24
Q

Musculoskeletal system fuctions

A

supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, stores minerals, and produces movement

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25
Q

Respiratory system structures

A 
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
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26
Q

Endocrine system structures

A 
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries
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27
Q

Endocrine system fuctions

A

regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of the body

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28
Q

Renal/Urinary system structures

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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29
Q

Renal/Urinary system functions

A

Filters waste products out of the body and removes them from the body

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30
Q

Maxillae

A

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

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31
Q

Orbits

A

eye sockets

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32
Q

Zygomatic arches

A

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

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33
Q

Sternum

A

breastbone

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34
Q

Manubrium

A

superior portion of the sternum

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35
Q

Xiphoid process

A

the inferior portion of the sternum

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36
Q

ilium

A

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

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37
Q

ischium

A

the lower, posterior of the pelvis

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38
Q

Acetabulum

A

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

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39
Q

Femur

A

the large bone of the thigh

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40
Q

Patella

A

the kneecap

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41
Q

Tibia

A

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

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42
Q

Fibula

A

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

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43
Q

Malleolus

A

at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle

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44
Q

Tarsals

A

the ankle bones

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45
Q

Metatarsals

A

the foot bones

46
Q

Calcaneus

A

the heel bone

47
Q

Phalanges

A

the toe bones and finger bones

48
Q

Scapula

A

the shoulder blade

49
Q

Acromion process

A

the highest portion of the shoulder

50
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

51
Q

Humerus

A

the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow

52
Q

Radius

A

the lateral bone of the forearm

53
Q

Ulna

A

the medial bone of the forearm

54
Q

Carpals

A

wrist bones

55
Q

Metacarpals

A

the hand bones

56
Q

Joint

A

the point where two bones come together

57
Q

Automaticity

A

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

58
Q

Larynx

A

the voice box

59
Q

Inhalation

A

an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow in to the lungs

60
Q

Exhalation

A

a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

61
Q

Ventilation

A

the process of moving gases (O2 & Co2) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood;

breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths

62
Q

Respiratory

A

the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulation blood and the cells

63
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

64
Q

Coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

65
Q

Aorta

A

the largest artery in the body, which transports blood from the left ventricle

66
Q

Peripheral pulses

A

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsal pedis pulses

67
Q

Central pulses

A

the carotid and femoral pulses

68
Q

Perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

69
Q

Nervous system

A

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

70
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs wihout passing through the spinal cord

71
Q

Pancreas

A

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

72
Q

Endocrine system

A

system of glands that produce chemichals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

73
Q

Epinephrine

A

a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

74
Q

Renal System (Urinary system)

A

the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood.

75
Q

Kidneys

A

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

76
Q

Ureters

A

the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

77
Q

Metabolism

A

the cellular fuctions of converting nutrients into energy

78
Q

Electrolyte

A

the substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles

79
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.

80
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen.

81
Q

FiO2

A

fraction of inspired oxygen

82
Q

Patent

A

open and clear; free from obstruction

83
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

84
Q

Plasma oncotic pressure

A

the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream

85
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

86
Q

Stretch receptors

A

sensors in blood vessels that identify intermal pressure

87
Q

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system

88
Q

V/Q match

A

ventilation/perfusion match; having enough air & blood for optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

89
Q

Hypoperfusion (shock)

A

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

90
Q

Edema

A

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

91
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

92
Q

Infancy phase

A

stage of life from birth to 1 year of age

93
Q

Moro reflex

A

when startled, an infant throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with his fingers and arms

94
Q

Palmar reflex

A

when you place your finger in an infant’s palm, he will grasp it

95
Q

Rooting reflex

A

when you touch a hungry infant’s cheek, he will turn his head toward the side touched

96
Q

Toddler phase

A

12-36 months

97
Q

Preschool phase

A

3-5 years

98
Q

School phase

A

6-12 years

99
Q

Adolescense phase

A

13-18 years

100
Q

Early adulthood phase

A

19-40 years

101
Q

Middle adulthood phase

A

41-60 years

102
Q

Late adulthood phase

A

61-Older

103
Q

Stridor

A

a high pitched sound generated from parially obstructed air flow in the upper airway

104
Q

Diffusion

A

a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

105
Q

Pulmonary respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries

106
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood

107
Q

Respiration (breathing)

A

pulmonary respiration and cellular respiration

108
Q

Respiratory distress

A

increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath

109
Q

Respiratory failure

A

the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life

110
Q

Hypoxia

A

an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues

111
Q

Cyanosis

A

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body

EMT Certification Class (3 decks)

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