EXAM 1 Flashcards
CPR Chap. 1 Chap. 2 Chap. 3 Chap. 4 Chap. 10
1
Q
Adult Chain of Survival
A
Recognition & Activation CPR Defibrilation Advanced life support post-cardiac arrest care
2
Q
Pediatric Chain of Survival
A
Prevention Bystander CPR Activation Advanced life support post-cardiac arrest care
3
Q
1790
A
Earliest documented EMS (emergency Medical Service).
French were transporting wounded soldiers
4
Q
1966
A
National Highway Safety Act (NHSA) charged US Department of Transportation (DOT) with developing EMS standards
5
Q
Components of EMS
A
Patient Citizen calls 911 911 dispatcher First responders EMTs Emergency department staff Allied health staff
6
Q
Levels of EMS training (lowest to highest)
A
Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
Advanced Emergency Medical Tech (EMT-A, or AEMT)
Paramedic (EMT-P)
7
Q
Roles & Responsibilities of EMT
A
Personal safety Safety of crew, patient, & bystanders Patient assessment Patient care Lifting and moving Transport Transfer care Patient advocacy
8
Q
EMT Personal Traits
A
Pleasant Sincere Cooperative Resourceful Self-starter Emotionally stable Able to lead Neat Of good moral character & respectful In control of personal habits Controlled in conversation Able to listen Nonjudgemental and fair
9
Q
1970
A
National Registry of EMTs was founded
10
Q
Quallity Improvement (QI)
A
Process of continuous selfe-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement.
11
Q
Steps in Quality Improvement
A
Preparing carefully written documents Becoming involved in the quality process Obtaining feedback from patients & hospital staff Maintaining your equipment Continuing education
12
Q
Medical Director
A
Physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system
13
Q
Medical Direction
A
Oversight of the patient-care aspects of the EMS system by the Medical Director
14
Q
Protocols
A
List of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situaions. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of and EMS system.
15
Q
Standing Orders
A
Policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.
16
Q
Designated Agent
A
An EMT or other person authrized by a Medical Director to give medications and provide emergency care
17
Q
On-line medical direction
A
Orders given directly by the on-duty physician to and EMT in the field by radio or telephone
18
Q
Off-line medical directions
A
standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMTs to give certain medications and perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Direcrot or another physician.
19
Q
EMS assessment standards set by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
A
Regulation of Policy Resource Management Human Resources & Training Transportation Facilities Communications Public information & education Medical direction Trauma systems Evaluation
20
Q
EMT healthy habits
A
Maintain solid personal relationships Exercise Sleep Eat right Limit alcohol & caffeine intake See physician regularly Keep up-to-date with vaccines
21
Q
Pathogens
A
Organisms that cause infection such as viruses and bacteria
22
Q
Standard Precautions
A
Strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious
23
Q
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
A
Equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to dangers of rescue operations
24
Q
Contamination
A
Introductions of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infectious materials
25
Forms of PPE
```
Gloves
Hand washing (includes alcohol-based hand cleaners)
Eye & face Protection
Masks
Gowns
```
26
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Federal administration that issued guidelines for the protection of workers whose jobs may expose them to infectious deseases.
27
Ryan White CARE Act
Establishes procedures by which emergency response workers may find out if they have been exposed to life-threatening infectiouse diseases.
28
Stress
State of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus
29
Critical Incident
Any situation that triggers a strong emotional response
30
Acute Stress Reaction
Occurs simultaneously with or shortly after the critical incident
31
Delayed Stress Reaction (also known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD))
Occurs at any time days to years following a critical incident
32
Cumulative Stress Reaction (also known as burnout)
Occurs as a result of prolonged recurring stressors in our work or private lives
33
MCI (multiple-casualty incident)
Emergency involving multiple patients
34
Calls With High Potential of Stress
```
MCIs
Calls involving infants or children
Severe injuries
Abuse and neglect
Death of coworker
```
35
Signs & Symptoms of Stress
```
Irritability w/ family, friends, & coworkers
Inability to concentrate
Difficulty sleeping
Loss of appetite
Loss of sexual interest
Anxiety
Indecisiveness
Guilt
Isolation
Loss of interest at work
```
36
Ways to Deal With Stress
Healthy diet
Exercise
Devote time to relaxing
37
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
Comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately when it occurs
38
Stages of dealing with death (in order)
```
Denial "Not me"
Anger "Why me?"
Bargaining "Ok, but first let me..."
Depression "Ok, but I haven't..."
Acceptance "Ok, I'm not afraid"
```
39
Hazardous material incident
Release of harmful substance into the environment
40
Decontamination
Removal or cleansing of dangerous chemichals and other dangerous or infectious materials
41
Different Types of Dangerous Scenes
Hazardous Material
Terrorist
Rescue
Violence
42
Body Mechanics
Proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury
43
Examples of Good Body Mechanics
Position feet properly
Use legs to lift
Never turn or twist
Do not compensate when lifting with one hand
Keep weight close to your body
Use stair chair when carrying patient on stairs
44
Different Types of Moves
Non-urgent move
Urgent move
Emergency move
45
What can call for Emergency Move?
Scene is hazardous
Care or life-threatening conditions requires repositioning
You must reach othe patients
46
What calls for Urgent Move
Required treatment can only be performed if patient is moved
| Factors as scene cause patient to decline
47
Different Types of Emergency Drags
```
Clothes drag
Incline drag (always head first)
Shoulder drag
Foot drag
Firefighter drag
Blanket drag
```
48
Different Types of Emergency Carries
```
One-rescuer assist carry
Two-rescuer assist carry
Cradle carry
Pack strap carry
Piggyback carry
Firefighter's carry
Firefighter's carry with assist
```
49
2 Types of Stretchers
Manual stretcher
| Power stretcher
50
Critical Elements of Infection Contol Plan Required by Title 29
```
Infection exposure control plan
Adequate education & training
Hepatitis B vaccination
PPE
Methods of control
Housekeeping
Labeling
Postexposure evaluation and follow-up
```
51
Direct Carry
Method of transferring a patient from bed to strecher in which two or more recuers curl the patient to their chests, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher
52
Direct Ground Lift
Method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to stretcher during which two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the strecher.
53
Different Types of Stretchers
```
Power stretcher
Portable stretcher
Basket strether
Scoop stretcher
Flexible stretcher
Stair chair
```
54
Bariatric
Having to do with patients who are significantly overweight or obese
55
Different ways of moving patients to stretcher who do not have suspected spine injury
Extremity lift
Direct ground lift
Draw-sheet method
direct carry
56
Scope of Practice
Set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope or extent and limits of the EMT's job.
57
Standard of Care
for an EMT providing care for a specific patient in a specific situation, the care that would be expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when caring for a patient in a similar situation
58
Consent
Permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT
59
Expressed Consent
Consent given by adults who are of legal age and metally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being
60
Implied Consent
The consent it is presumed a patiend or patient's parent or guardian would give if they could.
61
In Loco Parentis
In place of the parents, indicating a person who may give consent for care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give consent
62
Conditions For Refusal of Care
Patient must be legally able to consent
Patient must be mentally competent and oriented
Patient must be fully informed
Patient will be asked to sign "release" form
63
Liability
Being held legally responsible
64
Assault
Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
65
Battery
Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
66
DNR (do not resuscitate) order
Legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states taht the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts
67
Advance Directive
DNR order; instrictions written in advance of an event
68
Negligence
A finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result
69
Tort
Civil, not criminal offence an action or injury caused by negligence from which a lawsuit may arise
70
Res Ipsa Loquitur
Latin term meaning "the thing speaks for itself"
71
Circumstances Associated W/ Finding of Negligence
EMT had duty to act
EMT did not provide standard of care
There was a Proximate Causation
72
Proximate Causation
Concept that the damages to the patient were result of action or inaction of the EMT
73
Duty to Act
Obligation to provide care to a patient
74
Abandonment
Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training
75
Good Samaritan Laws
Series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are adminstering emergency care.
76
HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
Federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed
77
Libel
False or injurious information in written form
78
Slander
False or injurious information stated verbally
79
Safe Haven Law
Law taht permits a person to drop-off an infant or child at a police, fire, or EMS station or to deliver ther infant or child to any available public safety personnel. The intent of the law is to protect children who may otherwise be abandoned or harmed
80
Evidence At a Crime Scene
Condition of the scene
Patient
Fingerprints and footprints
Microscopic evidence
81
How To Preserve Evidence
Remember what you touch
Minimize you impact on the scene
Work with the police
82
Crime Scene
Location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found
83
Scene size-up
Steps taken when approaching the scene of an emergency call:
Checking scen safety
Taking standard precautions
Noting the MOI (mechanism of injury) or NOI (nature of illness)
Number of patients
Deciding what resources to call for
84
Danger Zone
Area around the wreckage of a vehicle collision or other incident within which special safety precautions should be taken.
85
Signs of Danger from Violence
```
Fighting or loud voices
Weapons visible or in use
Signs of alcohol or other drug use
Unusual silence
Knowledge of prior violence
```
86
Different Types of Vehicle Collisions
```
Head-on Collisions
Rear-end Collisions
Side-impact Collisions
Rollover Collisions
Rotational impact Collisions
```
87
Penetrating trauma
Injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissue
88
Blunt-force Trauma
injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues
89
Index of suspicion
Awareness that there may be injuries
90
NOI (Nature of illness)
What is medically wrong with a patient
