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Neuropsychology > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neural structure associated with Executive function

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

Neural structure associated with personality

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

Executive cognitive functions

A

Planning, Monitoring, Switching, inhibiting

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4
Q

Tests of executive functioning

A

Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Trail making test,

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5
Q

Tests of problem solving

A

Verbal fluency test, DKEFS: tower test, figural fluency (free, fixed), Continous performance test, mazes, stroop, tower of hanoi, clock drawing

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6
Q

Verbal Fluency test

A

“fuck ass shit” test, name all words that start with F, those with frontal lobe damage will perseverate on one word, like fuck, or names (not allowed in test) when switch to A they will go back to F.

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7
Q

Figural fluency (fixed)

A

connect dots in novel ways,

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8
Q

Figural Fluency test (free)

A

tests divergent thinking, cognitive set switching, planning strategy, and executive functions. Draw as many unigue designs as possible in 60s intervals

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9
Q

Continuous performance test

A

Measure of attention and inhibition: press button for every design but X, originally designed to test schizofrenia

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10
Q

Mazes

A

inhibit responses, plan ahead, a test of frontal lobe function

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11
Q

abulia (amotivational syndrome)

A

lack of will or initiation, damage to anterior cingulate ( medial frontal), distinguish from depression by asking if they are happy

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12
Q

Metacognitive processess (location, features)

A

Frontal pole, right. integrates aspects of personality, social cogntition, appreciation of humor

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13
Q

Witzelsucht

A

condition in which one makes puns, inappropriate social comment, losses appreciation of sarcasm, right frontal damage

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14
Q

Processes if life associated with frontal cortex

A

Volition, Plan/recal, program, implement, monitor, adjust

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15
Q

Disinhibition syndrome

A

inferior frontal, orbitomedial cortex, irritability, paranoia, witzelsucht, hyperreactivity, impulsivity, disinhibited insticntual behavior

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16
Q

Executive dysfunction

A

Dorsolateral pfc, cognitive deficits (planning etc)

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17
Q

anosognosia

A

lacking insight into one’s condition

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18
Q

Attentional system

A

Reticular activating system(coma), thalamic projections(Obtuned, losing conciousness if not shaken), frontal thalamic gating system (distractibility, severe+Akinetic mustims (inert, speechless)

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19
Q

causes of frontal lobe dysfunction

A

TBI, Demnetia (Pick’s), Tumors, Strokes, Infections, Schizophrenia, OCD, Lobotomie

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20
Q

Egas Moniz

A

First lobotomist

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21
Q

Dyslexia

A

inability to distinguish phonemes when close together in sequence

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22
Q

Visuoperception in temporal lobes

A

Visual closure, tracking anomolies, facial recognition, subtle visual cues

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23
Q

Aphasia

A

language disfunction, usually result of strokes

24
Q

dysarthria

A

difficulties in articulation

25
Q

central v peripheal dysarthria

A

central = cordical (damage to motor strip), peripheal = something like a broken jaw

26
Q

Fluent v nonfluent

A

Fluent = 100, 200 words per minute, parsody, Nonfluent = 50 words per minute, difficulty with enunciation, substitutes words

27
Q

Dysnomia

A

difficulty finding the right words, present in dementia

28
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

connect comprehension area (Broca’s) with speech production area (wernicke’s). Damage = understands but cannot repeat back sentences

29
Q

Palilalic/ Lalic speech

A

repeating what a person has said or what others has said. implies frontal lobe lesions

30
Q

paraphasias

A

unintended word

31
Q

Literal (phonemic) paraphasias

A

sounds like word but not right word

32
Q

verbal paraphasias

A

semantic(related but not right), random (completely unrelated), perseverative (same word over and over in different contexts), neologistic (making up words)

33
Q

Agraphia

A

inability to write the word you want to wright

34
Q

Dysphasia

A

reduction or impairment of a function

35
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

fluency = poor, Comp = good(not 100%) rep, poor, nameing, poor

36
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Fluency = good, comp=poor, rep=poor, naming=poor

37
Q

Global aphasia

A

fluency, comprehension, rep, naming all poor

38
Q

Anomic aphasia

A

Fluency, comp, rep = good, Naming=poor

39
Q

William James

A

Short term memory, 7(+/-2)

40
Q

William scoville

A

operated on HM

41
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to make memories

42
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

inability to recall old memories

43
Q

Stages of memory

A

Processing, endcoding, consolidation, retrieval

44
Q

Declaritive v implicit memory

A

Declaritive = facts and knowledge Implicit=motor memory, not articulable

45
Q

Pseudobulbar affect

A

disinhibited crying system, person will spontaniously cry

46
Q

Semantic v episodic

A

apsects of declaritive memory, smantic = words and language, episodic=personal, narative, memories of where you were when X event happened

47
Q

Patient NA

A

damage left dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, deense anterograde amnesia for verbal information

48
Q

Acetylcholine

A

primary to memory, “lube of brain” preventing break down of this only treatment for alzhiemers

49
Q

Nucleus basalis of meynert

A

main producer of acetylcholine

50
Q

NMDA antagonists

A

block LTP, PCP, Ketamine, ETOH, &ect will also do this

51
Q

Transient global amnesia

A

rapid onset of global amnesia, no memories of recent past, less than 24 hours (ave 5.5) unable to update information, identity not lost

52
Q

Anoxia

A

loss of oxygen to brain, CA1 dies off, lose the ability to make new memoryes

53
Q

Herpes encephalitis

A

virus that affects temporal lobes

54
Q

Wernicke’s korsakoff’s syndrome

A

alchohalism leads to b1 vitamin deficiency resulting in damage results in dense anterograde amnesia, confabulation, some retrograde amnesia, apathy

55
Q

True amnestic disorders

A

Anoxia, Herpes encephalitis, CVA, TBI, Wernicke’s Korsakoff’s syndrome

56
Q

Conditions to rule out with memory problems

A

Depression, ADHD, PTSD, Malingering

Neuropsychology (2 decks)

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