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Research in Physical Activity > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is evidence based practice?

A

Process by which health care providers know how to find, critically appraise, and use evidence.

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2
Q

What is the PICO method used for?

A

constructing a clinical question scientifically

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3
Q

What does PICO stand for?

A
  • Patient population
  • Intervention of Interest
  • Comparison intervention or status
  • Outcome
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4
Q

What is Patient population

A

Number of participants

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5
Q

What is Intervention of Interest?

A

What you have the participants do

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6
Q

What is comparison intervention or status?

A

Control group

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7
Q

What is outcome?

A

Very specific (death) or a variety of measures

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8
Q

What is Validity?

A

The extent to which a measurement measures what it is supposed to

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9
Q

What is External Validity?

A

applicability to the real world

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10
Q

What is internal Validity?

A

Extent to which results can be attributed to treatment

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11
Q

What type of experiments have the most internal validity?

A

Those with control and randomization

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12
Q

What is criterion validity?

A

a method of assessing validity of an instrument through comparison with another criterion also used to measure the same thing (vertec/ force plate)

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13
Q

What is concurrent validity?

A

the extent to which a procedure correlates with current behavior of subjects (long jumpers may be good at triple jump)

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14
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

The extent to which a procedure predicts future behavior of participants

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15
Q

What is content validity?

A

whether the individual items of a test represent what you want to assess.

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16
Q

What is construct validity?

A

extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute

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17
Q

What is a construct?

A

Something that isnt objectively quantifiable (depression, fatigue etc.)

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18
Q

What is construct validity assessed by?

A

Convergent and Discriminant Validity

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19
Q

What is convergent validity?

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to measure when compared to other options

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20
Q

What is discriminant validity?

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to measure on its own?

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21
Q

What are the factors that affect validity?

A
  • Test related factors
  • criterion to which you compare instrument may not be well validated
  • intervening event
  • reliability
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22
Q

What does reliability mean?

A

Precision

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23
Q

What can account for non precise scores?

A
  • psychological/physical state
  • environmental factors
  • test form
  • multiple raters
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24
Q

What is a reliability coefficient?

A

consistency of measurement over trials (rxx)

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25
Q

What is Test-Retest reliability?

A

same score when tested multiple times

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26
Q

What is another name for split half reliability?

A

Internal consistency

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27
Q

What is internal consistency?

A

Indicates that scores match previous scores for a subject

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28
Q

What is interrater reliability?

A

having two or more rater observe/ record specified behaviors

-2 testers same score

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29
Q

What is a target behavior?

A

behavior observer is looking to report

30
Q

What are alternate forms of reliability?

A

equivalent forms

31
Q

What is standard error of measurement?

A

true score-error score

32
Q

What are some reasons for error on a test?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Unusual questions
  • confusion of intent
  • vaguely worded questions
33
Q

What are some factors that affect reliability?

A
  • test length
  • test-retest interval
  • variability of scores
  • guessing
  • variability within the testing situation
34
Q

What is sociohistorical research?

A

systemic storytelling

does not resemble qualitative research

35
Q

What are the approaches of sociohistorical research?

A

particularizing
generalizing
splitting
lumping

36
Q

What is particularizing?

A

interested in minute details

37
Q

What is splitting?

A

chipping away at theory to see how it holds up to data

38
Q

What is lumping?

A

taking seemingly disparate facts and putting them togehter

39
Q

What are the paradigms of sociohistorical research?

A

Structural/functionalism
modernization
marxism
post-modernism

40
Q

What is structural/ functionalism?

A

social systems
institutions
time periods
urbanization

41
Q

What is modernization?

A

movement from agragian to urban institutional society (time frames)

42
Q

What is post modernism?

A

deconstruction

no grand theories can be explained

43
Q

What sources do sociohistorical research use?

A

primary and secondary sources

44
Q

What are the designs of sociohistorical research?

A

Descriptive history
analytical
collective evidence

45
Q

What is descriptive history?

A

what happened

46
Q

What is collective evidence?

A

follow previous research goes from primary to secondary

47
Q

What type of data analysis does sociohistorical research employ?

A

External/internal criticism

48
Q

What is external criticism?

A

establishing authenticity of primary sources

49
Q

What is internal criticism?

A

determine biases of author

50
Q

When looking at credibility what is most important?

A

the credibility of individual statements rather than the whole peice

51
Q

What should you aim for when presenting findings?

A
  • logical timeline
  • presenting evidence in context with meaningful framework of data
  • pay attention to writing style
52
Q

homeogeneity varience is what ?

A

normal distribution on a bell shaped curve.

53
Q

What are statistics?

A

a powerful tool for analyzing data

54
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

provide an overview of the attributes of a data set.

55
Q

What are the attributes of a data set?

A

central tendency

and dispersion

56
Q

What are inferential statistics?

A

provide measures of how well your data support your hypothesis and if your data are generalizable beyond what was tested

57
Q

What is a Type 1 error?

A

the rejection of a true null hypothesis

58
Q

What is a Type 2 error?

A

The acceptance of a false null hypotheses`

59
Q

If testing for relatedness what would you use?

A

correlational tests

60
Q

If difference is observed what will you do?

A

Difference tests

testing for independence between distributions

61
Q

What tests do you use for a difference between means?

A 
Between means
t-test
Anova
Friedman test
Kruskal wallis test
sign tests
rank sum test
62
Q

What tests do you use for differences between distributions?

A

Chi-square(for goodness of fit and independence)

63
Q

What tests do you use for differences between variances?

A

F-test

parametric tests

64
Q

What does a difference between means ask?

A

whether samples come from populations with different means

65
Q

What do t-test compare

A

the means of two parametric samples

66
Q

What does the sign test compare

A

two paired non-parametric samples

67
Q

What does the friedman test compare

A

more than two non-parametric samples

68
Q

What does the rank sum test compare?

A

the means of two non-parametric samples

69
Q

What does the Kuskal wallis test compare?

A

more than two non-parametric non-paired samples

70
Q

What does a regression look for?

A

a functional relationship between two continuous variables

71
Q

What does a regression assume?

A

a change in x causes a change in y

Research in Physical Activity (3 decks)

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