Exam 2 Flashcards
Otto Wagner (Vienna, Austria)
Proponent of architectural realism
Published textbook, Modern Architecture
Joined the “Vienna Secession” artistic group
Otto Wagner
Left: Schonbrunn / Hietzing Station, Underground Stations
Josef Hackhofer
High Bridge, Vienna
Otto Wagner
Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station
Otto Wagner
The Wienzeile Houses (Majolica House), Vienna
Otto Wagner
Wienzeile Houses, “Majolica House”, Vienna
Otto Wagner
Majolica House, Vienna
Joseph Maria Olbrich
Austrian architect
Co-founder of the Vienna Secession
Joseph Maria Olbrich
The Secession Building, Vienna
Joseph Maria Olbrich
The Secession Building, Vienna
Joseph Maria Olbrich
The Secession Building, Vienna
The Secession Building, Vienna
Art work, “Beethoven Frieze” by Gustav Klimt
Otto Wagner
The Austrian Postal Savings Bank Building, Vienna
Otto Wagner
The Austrian Postal Savings Bank Building, Vienna
Otto Wagner
The Austrian Postal Savings Bank Building, Vienna
Otto Wagner
The Austrian Postal Savings Bank Building, Vienna
Josef Hoffmann
Austrian Architect
Josef Hoffmann (Austrian)
Sanatorium Purkersdorf
Josef Hoffmann
Interiors of the Purkersdorf Sanatorium
Josef Hoffmann
Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium
Josef Hoffmann
Palais Stoclet, Brussels
Josef Hoffmann
Palais Stoclet
Josef Hoffmann
Dining room in the Palais Stoclet
Frieze painted by Gustov Klimt
Josef Hoffmann patterns
Josef Hoffmann silverware
Josef Hoffmann furniture
Top Row, left to right
- Josef Hoffmann
- Otto Wagner
- Mackintosh
- Josef Hoffmann
Bottom Row, left to right:
- Peter Berrins
- Josef Hoffmann
- Machintosh table
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Early Modernist
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Steiner House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Steiner House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Steiner House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
American Bar, Vienna
-Ornament was crime
-use of smooth unadulterated materials in American Bar
-Use of mirrors to increase scale
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
American Bar, Vienna
11.5’ x 23’
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
American Bar, Vienna
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Moller House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Moller House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Muller House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Muller House
Adolf Loos (Austrian)
Muller House
Peter Behrens (German)
He was the Otto Wagner of German architects
Peter Behrens (German) house at the Darmstadt Artists’ Colony
Music room
Peter Behrens (German)
Peter Behrens (German)
The AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin
Peter Behrens (German)
Peter Behrens (German)
Peter Behrens (German)
Hoechst AG Technical Administration Offices, Frankfurt
Deutscher Werkbund
Founded by Peter Behrens (German)
German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists
An important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design (particularly in Bauhaus creation later)
Motto: Vom Sofakissen zum Stadtebau (from sofa cushions to city-building)
Walter Gropius
Mitropa sleeping-car
Richard Riemerschmid
Walter Gropius
German architect
Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer
The Fagus Factory
Their factory work was early inspiration for Bauhaus aesthetic
Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer
Werkbund Pavilion & Model Factory,
Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, Germany
Bruno Taut (German)
Glass Pavilion
He was an expressionist
Bruno Taut
The Glass Pavilion, Cologne
Erich Mendelson
The Einstein Tower, Germany
Erich Mendelsohn
The Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Germany
Albert Einstein Science Park
Erich Mendelsohn
Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Germany
Hans Poelzig
German architect, painter and set designer
Poelzig’s set for Der Golem
He was an expressionist
Hans Poelzig
Grosses Schauspielhaus (theater), Berlin
Hans Poelzig
Grosses Schauspielhaus, Berlin
Bauhaus Weimar
Bauhutten - (Mason’s Lodge)
Left: Lyonel Feininger, Cathedral
Right: Church of the Minorities II
Walter Gropius & Adolph Meyer
Sommerfeld House
Theo Van Doesburg
Dutch artist who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture
Founder and leader of De Stijl
Theo Van Doesburg
Left: color design for the ceiling of the Cafe Brasserie
Right: Stained Glass Composition: Female Head
Theo Van Doesburg
Axonometric
Piet Mondrian
Dutch painter
important contributer to the De Stijl art movement and group
Piet Mondrian
Gerrit Rietveld
Dutch furniture designer and architect
Principal member of the Dutch artistic movement De Stijl
Gerrit Rietveld chairs
Gerrit Rietveld
Schroder House, Ultrecht
Gerrit Rietveld
Schroder House, Ultrecht
Constructivism
Vladimir Tatlin
“Model for the Monument to the Third International”, Moscow
His most famous piece
He was considered the father of Russian Constructivism
Vladimir Tatlin
Aleksander Rodchenko & Varvara Stepanova
Alexander was a Russian artist, sculptor, photographer and graphic designer
Varvara Stepanova
Painter, photographer and designer
wife of Aleksander Rodchenko
Bauhaus
1925-1932
Dessau
Vasily Kandinsky (Russian)
taught at Bauhaus
Vasily Kandinsky (Russian)
Paul Klee (Swiss)
taught at Bauhaus
“Form” master in the bookbinding, stained glass,
and mural painting workshops
Marcel Breuer
Left: Wassily Chair (*aka B3 Chair)
Right Top: Thonet “B33” Chairs
Right Bottom: Short Chair
Marcel Breuer
Das Haus am Horn
Weimar
Grete Schutte-Lihotzky
The Frankfurt Kitchen
very utilitarian
Mies van der Rohe
German-American architect
“God is in the details”
Mies van der Rohe
The Barcelona Pavilion
Mies van der Rohe
Villa Tugendhat
used a revolutionary iron framework which enabled him to dispense with supporting walls and arrage interior in order to acheive light and space
Mies van der Rohe
Villa Tugendhat
Lilly Reich
German mondernist designer
made the first woman director of the Deutsche Werkbund
Lilly Reich
The Barcelona Chair
Mies van der Rohe
Lilly Reich
chairs
Le Corbusier’s interior for
Weissenhof Housing Settlement in Stuttgart
Le Corbusier
Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner,
writer and a pioneer of modern architecture
Had buildings constructed throughout Europe, India and America
Le´ger
French painter, sculptor and filmmaker
the first of his “mural paintings” were influenced by Le Corbusier’s theories
Le Corbusier
paintings
Charlotte Perriand, Pierre Jeanneret, Le Corbusier
Charlotte Perriand
Charlotte Perriand
Charlotte Perriand
Pavilion de l’Esprit Nouveau
Charlotte Perriand
Pavilion de l’Esprit Nouveau
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoy, France
Le Corbusier’s “the Five Pointes of a New Architecture”
Pilotis – The replacement of supporting walls by a grid of reinforced concrete columns that bears the load of the structure is the basis of the new aesthetic.
The free designing of the ground plan – The absence of supporting walls means that the house is unrestrained in its internal usage.
The free design of façade – By separating the exterior of the building from its structural function the façade becomes free.
The horizontal window – The façade can be cut along its entire length to allow rooms to be lit equally.
Roof gardens – The flat roof can be utilized for a domestic purpose while also providing essential protection to the concrete roof
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoy, France
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoy, France
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoy, France
Comparrison of Picasso and Le Corbusier
Left: Picasso’s Cubist (Memory of the Havre)
Right: Le Corbusier’s Pursit (Still life with a pile of plates)
Giuseppe Terragni (Italy)
architect who worked under fascist regime (Mussolini)
Pioneered the Italian modern movement under the rubric of Rationalism
Most famous work: Casa del Fascio, Como, Italy
His style is like the international style
Giuseppe Terragni, Italy
The Casa del Fascio
Giuseppe Terragni
The Casa del Fascio, Como, Italy
Giuseppe Terragni
The Casa del Fascio, Como
Has a regularized grid and brokend down sometime into the “golden section”
Giuseppe Terragni
The Casa del Fascio
Steel bar on chairs is one continuous bar
Umberto Boccioni, Italy
Futurism
Left: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Top Right: Visioni Simultanee
Bottom Right: Charge of the Lancers
Artwork was motion based
he was pro war
Giacomo Balla, Italy
Futurism
Left: Speeding Car Plus Light
Top Right: Speeding Car
Bottom Right: Giacomo Balla
he was pro war
artwork is motion based
Antonio Sant’Elia (Italy)
Futurism
Scandinavia
lots of trees so a lot of wood in buildings
Alvar Aalto (Finnish)
Architect, designer, painter, sculptor
His work includes, architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Paimio Sanatorium (TB)
example of modernism rendered good for the population that’s mainly homogenous.
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Paimio Sanatorium
very utilitarian
Alvar Aalto (Finnish)
Viipuri Library, Russia
organic materials
Alvar Aalto (Finnish)
chairs
Alvar Aalto
Paimio Chair and Three-legged Stacking Stool
Paimio is a plywood based chair
Aino Aalto (Finland)
Architect and designer
married to Alvar Aalto
Kaare Klint (Danish)
Architect and furniture designer
a.k.a.: the father of modern Danish furniture design
Left: The Propeller Stool
Right: Church Chair
used more of a traditional style but it’s simple
Kaare Klint
The Safari Chair
very simple
Kaare Klint (Danish)
Left: Church Chair
Top Right: Faaborg Chair - has a modular sense to it
Bottom Right: Games Table for a Lady
Kaare Klint
The Deck Chair
Bruno Mathsson (Swedish)
furniture designer and architect
ideas colored by functionalism/modernism as well as old Swedish crafts tradition
*You would look for more of a wave in his early chairs*
Bruno Mathsson (Swedish)
Left: Grasshopper
Right: Mimat
his chairs are usually woven together
Albert Speer (Germany)
Zeppelinfeld
He is a traditional designer but more in a fascist way - takes the humanism out and more fascist
Looks almos like a tomb
Nazi, Ministry Building interiors
Vast scale is intended to make you feel small
More push toward a cleaner more rectilinear classism
Albert Speer
Zeppelinfeld at night
Was made to make it look like they were the best and their country was the best
Walter Gropius and Maxwell Fry (England)
Impington Village College, Cambridgeshire
He brought ideas from the Bauhaus to England and US
When nature is incorporated into modernism
The De La Warr Pavilion (England)
Architects: Erich Mendelsohn & Serge Chermayeff
A resort location
Erich Mendelsohn & Serge Chermayeff
The De La Warr Pavilion, England
Gordon Russell
an industrial furniture designer
initially worked in A&C style but moved more into mass production
Left: Worker in the factory at the tenoning machine
Right: Gordon Russell, Oak dresser Arts and Crafts style
Left: Gordon Russell, The ‘Weston’ dining group
Right: R.D. Russell, Murphy radio sets
Left: Eden Minns, Upholstered chair
Right: Low and tall wardrobe
Eden Minns
Drinks Cabinet
Frank Lloyd Wright (American)
Fallingwater, Pennsylvania
he may have inspired Le Corbusier
he believed in organic architecture and building into the setting
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Idea trying to include the 4 elements: fire, water, air, and earth (and light)
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Original stones on site (in front of fireplace)
built in height of streamlined movement
Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater, PA
Frank Lloyd Wright
Jacobs House, Wisconsin
His attempt to design a home for everybody
Frank Lloyd Wright
Jacobs House, Wisconsin
very simple home, meant to be a suburban home where you’d want a lot of privacy so there were no windows on the front
Frank Lloyd Wright
Jacobs House, Wisconsin
Top: Back yard view with privacy and own oasis
Bottom: road view
Richard Neutra (US)
Austrian architect
Majority of his career was in Southern California
Among the most important modernist architects
trained modernist designer
Richard Neutra (US)
The Lovell House
very influenced by the Bauhaus
Richard Neutra (US)
The Lovell House, CA
could use large fields of glass because it wouldn’t freeze in winter
could be abstract becuase it didn’t have to worry about the weather
Rudolf Schindler (Austrian-American)
worked for Frank Lloyd Wright on Tokyo Hotel
Had a respect for Japanese design
Rudolph Schindler
Schindler-Chase House, West Hollywood
meant to be a cooperative live/work space for two young families
Schindler-Chase House
Rudolph Schindler
Japanese style house
Rudolph Schindler
Schindler-Chase House
Rudolph Schindler
Schindler-Chase House
has two rooftop sleeping porches
Rudolph Schindler
Schindler-Chase House
Shows how light travels through the space and how you can use tilt-up concrete
Rudolph Schindler
Schindler-Chase House
Rudolph Schindler
El Pueblo Ribera Court
a complex of twelve duplexes
San Diego, CA
Rudolph Schindler
El Pueblo Ribera Court, San Diego
Rudolph Schindler
El Pueblo Ribera Court, today
San Diego
Rudolph Schindler
El Pueblo Ribera Court
San Diego
poured concrete walls with aggregate
Rudolph Schindler
Rodriguez House
Glendale, CA
interior is midcentury/modern
Aalvar Aalto
Villa Mairea
Finland
His version of “Fallingwater” in Finland
a form of hobbit like modernism (grass roof, rock wall with grass on it)
was meant for you to meander through the space and every now and then find a meaningful detail
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Villa Mairea
modernism
organic architecture
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Villa Mairea
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Villa Mairea
Kaare Klint chair in upper right room
Alvar Aalto (Finland)
Villa Mairea
Bauhaus means:
House of construction
In Italy -
Futurism:
Dynamism:
Futurism: capturing motion in a painting
Dynamism: Stop motion photography turned into painting
The De Stijl Movement
You have three colors to work with (red, yellow, blue)
sometimes it’s good to have boundaries
What is futurism about?
movement and the art of movement.
all the men that were a part of it were pro war
