Exam 2 Flashcards
What makes up the CNS
brain and spinal cord
What two categories make up the PNS
somatic and autonomic nervous systems
What two categories make up the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Function of the somatic nervous system
interacts with external environment
afferent and efferent nerves
What are afferent nerves
bring sensory in
What are efferent nerves
send motor out
Function of the autonomic nervous system
regulates internal environment
Less control
What does the sympathetic nervous system control
arousal
What does the parasympathetic nervous system control
calming
towards the middle
medial
towards the outside
lateral
above the belly
dorsal
towards the belly
ventral
on the same side
ipsilateral
on the opposite side
contralateral
above
superior
below
inferior
closer to the body
proximal
further from the body
distal
one side
unilateral
two sides
bilateral
cephalocaudal development
development from head to foot
Proximodistal development
we develop proximal to distal
What is neurulation
ectoderm seals up forming the neural tube
When does neurulation occur
Day 26 of pregnancy
What causes spina bifida
if neural tube doesn’t close
What are precursor cells
make up nervous system and neurotransmitters
What occurs in neurogenesis
cells generate, migrate, and differentiate
What occurs in corticogenesis
development of cortex
When are neurons in place
18 weeks of pregnancy
What is arborization and when does it occur
the branching of dendrites
between birth and 18 months
Why do adults have larger cell bodies
there are more pathways
What does synaptogenesis do and when does it occur
makes synapses
second trimester
How much pruning occurs throughout life
40% of synapses are eliminated
Two major sucli
longitudinal fissure, lateral fissure
What is agyria
lack of gyri
What is lissencephaly
lack of gyri and sulci
What do gyri and sulci do for the brain
makes larger surface area
How big is the fetal head at 2 months in pregnancy
50% of the body
How much is the brain weight at 2 years
75% of adult weight
~ 3 lbs
Job of the skull
protection
Problems of the skull
no room for movement
bony structures inside can harm it
Job of the meninges
support and protection
What is inside the ventricles
choroid plexus that makes cerebrospinal fluid
What is hydroencephalus
water on the brain
What does hydroencehphalus look like and why
dementia
incontinence, memory issues, balance issues
What is the Circle of Willis
a circle of arteries that provides redundancy and blood flow
What do veins do in the brain
pick up waste
reabsorb CSF
What are the divisions of the brain in order of development
spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
Subdivisions of the forebrain
telencephalon and diencephalon
Subdivisions of the midbrain
mesencephalon
Subdivisions of the hindbrain
metencephalon, myelencephalon
