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Clinical Neuropsychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Defined Psychology

A

study of the mind

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2
Q

Define clinical neuropsychology

A

looks at lesions in the brain

something wrong/ not working in the brain

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3
Q

Define experimental neuropsychology

A

typical development

behavioral outcomes

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4
Q

Define trephination

A

drilling holes in the skull

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5
Q

what was/is trephination used for

A

was used for letting spirits out

is not used for relieving pressure

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6
Q

what is the brain hypothesis

A

the brain is the thing closest to heaven so that is where out knowledge is

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7
Q

what is the cardiac hypothesis

A

knowledge, emotion, cognitive processes are all in the heart because it changes with how you feel

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8
Q

what was the function of the brain in the cardiac hypothesis

A

it was a cooling center for blood

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9
Q

who made the brain hypothesis

A

Hippocrates

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10
Q

Who made the cardiac hypothesis

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

what is the ventricular localization hypothesis

A

the ventricles were broken up into three chambers:

1 for memory, thinking, and imagination

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12
Q

who made the ventricular localization hypothesis

A

Galen

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13
Q

What is the cell doctrine

A

brain has spaces and that is where soul is and functions occur

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14
Q

who made the cell doctrine

A

Leonardo de Vinci

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15
Q

What is the Localization Theory

A

certain parts of the brain control certain parts of the body

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16
Q

What is Phrenology

A

a drawing of the brain with parts labelled as what they control

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17
Q

what is craniology

A

bumps and grooves tell us which parts of the brain are developed and underdeveloped

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18
Q

Aphasia

A

loss of ability to use or understand speech

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19
Q

Fluent aphasia

A

Can produce meaningful sentences but cannot understand them

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20
Q

what is agnosia

A

inability to understand sensations and recognize things

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21
Q

Who is Pierre Flourens

A

came up with equipotentiality

did the Ablation experiment

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22
Q

What was the Ablation experiment and what did it lead to

A

would destroy parts of bird brains to see what areas were specialized
lead to equipotentiality

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23
Q

what is equipotential

A

any part of the brain has equal potential to control a function

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24
Q

Who was Karl Lashley

A

discovered Principle of Mass Action

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25
What is the principle of mass action
how much you take out of the brain in proportional to the amount of damage in motor and behavior function
26
What did Hughlings Jackson make
Jackson's Alternative Model
27
what is Jackson's Alternative model
there is localization of basic brain function but need may parts to work together for more difficult functions
28
Who was Alexander Luria
Made Luria's Functional Model
29
What is Luria's Functional Model
the brain is divided into 3 components: Unit 1- brain stem- arousal and keeping you alive Unit 2- back 1/2 of brain- input and processing of outside world Unit 3- frontal lobe- planning and thinking
30
Pluripotentiality
brain areas may be responsible for 1 function or multiple functions
31
Who is Wilder Penfield
one of first to put electrical stimulation on brain
32
What is the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological battery
a collection of tests done on patients with psychological damage
33
what makes up the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
34
what makes up the peripheral nervous system
everything but spinal cord
35
Sensory neurons
asacending neurons | collect info from environment and send to brain
36
Interneurons
processing neurons
37
Motor neurons
response neuron
38
bipolar neurons
interneurons
39
unipolar neurons
sensory neuron
40
multipolar neurons
motor neurons
41
what are glial cells
nerve glue
42
what is the function of microglia
scavengers- clean out area around nervous system
43
function of astrocytes
parent role- | structural support
44
function of oligodendrocytes
make myelin sheaths in CNS | can do several
45
function of shwann cells
make myelin sheaths in PNS | can do one
46
function of dopamine
reward and pleasure
47
function of serotonin
mood and emotion
48
what type of neurotransmitter is Gaba
inhibitory amino acid
49
what type of neurotransmitter is Glutamate
excitatory amino acid
50
Gogli stain
shows the structure of neurons | done on dead tissue
51
Nissl Stain
dye of cell bodies to see how many there are
52
myelin staining
dyes the myelin sheaths
53
brain slice to view from top
axial/horizontal
54
brain slice to view from front or back
coronal/frontal
55
brain slice to view from side
sagital
56
X-Rays
depths and density | brain tissue doesnst give enough density info
57
Air encephalogram
put air in fluid filled spaces to get a better image then take x-ray
58
Computed transaxial tomography (CT)
take several layers of pic to create 3D picture
59
Angiography
looks at blood vessels
60
what does hyperdensity look like and what might it mean
white color | tumor or blood
61
what does hypodensity look like and what might it mean
dark spaces | fluid filled
62
electroencephalography (EEG)
test brain waves
63
evoked potential
shows what occurs in the brain right after a stimulus
64
SPECT test
areas most active are areas using most resources | look at which parts are active when doing a task
65
PET
introduces readioactive isotopes to the brain | shows function information
66
MRI
structural exam with a magnet
67
fMRI
functional MRI
68
Lumbar puncture
look at color of cerebrospinal fluid
69
neurologic examination looks at what
evaluate/treat neurological disorders
70
neuropsychological evaluations look at what
look at executive functions
71
psychometrics
the ability to asses psychological traits and processes
72
standardized test
administer tests to large sample so have something to compare future examples to
73
validity
how well is measures what supposed to
74
reliability
how consistently it measure the same thing
75
how to stop false positives
cut-off scores to decide where that person will really fall
76
base rates
explain how common a condition is within a specific tested population
77
crystalized functions
facts
78
fluid functions
abstract thinking
79
standard battery approach
fixed | everything is the same every time
80
process approach
hypothesis | tailor assessments to individual and the referral
81
orientation
person, place time, body
82
ways to assess orientation
where are you what is sthe date can you blink your eyes
83
specific tests to assess orientation
Glasgo Coma Scale | Mini mental status exam
84
What is sensation and perception
detecting, knowing
85
specific tests for sensation and perception
Halstead-Reitan Battery | Skin writing recognition
86
Attention and concentration
enables our awareness of environment or our specific response
87
ways to test attention ad concentration
Say the days of the week in reverse Digit span Digit symbol Alberts test
88
What is the digit span
given a list of numbers and have to remember and write them down
89
what is the digit symbol
given numbers and symbols code, have to go in order
90
what is alberts test
have to cross out lines
91
motor function
voluntary control over upper and lower body movements
92
ways to test motor function
copying grip strength finger tapping grooved peg board
93
visuospatial
assessing spatial processing of visual sense
94
how to assess visuospatial
``` Identifying matching block design bennder gestalt Rey-Osterrieth ```
95
What is the Bender Gestalt test
copy an image
96
What is the Rey-Osterrieth test
shown an image then taken away and have to remember how to draw it
97
tests for language skills
defining/naming COWA Token Tasl
98
what is COWA
give a letter or category and come up with as many words as you can
99
Intrusions
when a word gets into the list that doesn't fit
100
what is an example of an intrusion
phlem in an F group
101
What is the Token Task
move tokens as told
102
Tests for memory
recall/recognition | Wechsler Memory Scale IV
103
tests for abstract thinking and problem solving
Trail making test A and B Tower of London-Drexel University Test WCSI- WI card sorting test
104
what does testing for malingering find
See if symptoms are presenting as they should or if people are lying
105
Deficit measurement
comparing patients test scores to the standardized "normal"
106
Pattern analysis
assess relationships among test scores
107
EPSP- excitatory post-synaptic potentials
bring closer to threshold
108
IPSI- inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
bring further away from threshold
109
what enters the neuron during action potential
Na+
110
how does the neuron repolarize
3 sodium out, 2 sodium in

Clinical Neuropsychology (2 decks)

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