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A&P 2 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes it possible for even a small quantity of hormone to have a strong effect on its target cell?

A

enzyme amplifcation

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2
Q

The ________ can be found as part of the epithalamus, near the superior colliculi of the midbrain.

A

pineal gland

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3
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone targets the _______.

A

anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of prostaglandins

A

to stop fever and pain

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5
Q

Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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6
Q

Eicosanoids are derived from ________.

A

arachidonic acid

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7
Q

Which hormone does NOT stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?

A

PRL

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8
Q

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when ________

A

thyroid hormone targets the anterior pituitary

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9
Q

Which is not a cause of cushing syndrome?

A

hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla

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10
Q

What is the correct abbrevation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

A

CRH

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11
Q

What enters a target cells nucleus and acts directly on the genes.

A

Estrogen

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12
Q

_______ are secreted by one cell onto the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulates their physiology.

A

Paracrines

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13
Q

What is not a steriod hormone

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and insulin decreases it. This is an example of ________.

A

the anatagonistic effect

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15
Q

Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete ________ which _________ blood glucose

A

glucagon; raises

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16
Q

Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens ones physical or emotional well-being is called _________

A

stress

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17
Q

Aspirin and ibuprofen block the __________

A

action of cyclooxygenase

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18
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by _________

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

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19
Q

The ___________is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function.

A

kidney

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20
Q

The ___________ secretes a hormone that increases the bodys metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system

A

thyroid gland

21
Q

The anterior pituitary is _______ than the posterior pituitary and has _______ connection to the hypothalamus.

A

larger; no nervous

22
Q

The _______ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

A

parathyroid glands

23
Q

Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the ________and the ______

A

liver; kidneys

24
Q

What is Not a hypothalamic hormone?

A

luteinizing hormone

25
Q

The posterior pituitary secretes ___________

A

oxytocin

26
Q

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via ____________

A

negative feedback inhibition

27
Q

The ________- secrtes _________which promotes Na+ and water retention

A

adrenal cortex; aldosterone

28
Q

The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by _________-.

A

cortisol

29
Q

The _______ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells)

A

thymus

30
Q

What is not secreted by the pancreas?

A

somatotropin (growth hormone)

31
Q

The hypophseal portal system connects the _______ with the __________.

A

anterior pituitary; hypothalamus

32
Q

________ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas _________ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms

A

Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone

33
Q

What statement about diabetes melitus is false?

A

both type 1 and 2 DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of insulin.

34
Q

The initial response to stress is called the ________ and is mediated mainly by ___________

A

alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine

35
Q

T4 and T3 are _______ hormones that are mainly transported _______ in the blood.

A

monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin

36
Q

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone

A

the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

37
Q

What is an increase in the number of receptors making a target cell more sensitive to a hormone

A

Up- regulation

38
Q

Growth hormone hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause ___________ when it begins in adulthood.

A

acromegaly

39
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the ________

A

kidneys

40
Q

What is true regarding endocrine glands?

A

they release their secretions into the blood.

41
Q

What hormone stimulates glucocortcoid secretion

A

ACTH

42
Q

The infundibulum is a _______

A

projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

43
Q

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes __________-.

A

cortisol

44
Q

what is synthesized in the rough ER?

A

glucagon

45
Q

What is not a characteristic of diabetes melitus

A

hypoglycemia

46
Q

What is true regarding cortisol

A

it promotes breakdown of fat and protein

47
Q

The ________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin

A

anterior pituitary

48
Q

the absence of iodine in the diet leads to ___________.

A

hypothyroidism

49
Q

the hormone _______ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness

A

melatonin

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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