EXAM 2 Flashcards
What makes it possible for even a small quantity of hormone to have a strong effect on its target cell?
enzyme amplifcation
The ________ can be found as part of the epithalamus, near the superior colliculi of the midbrain.
pineal gland
Thyrotropin releasing hormone targets the _______.
anterior pituitary
Which of the following is NOT a role of prostaglandins
to stop fever and pain
Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others?
Growth hormone (GH)
Eicosanoids are derived from ________.
arachidonic acid
Which hormone does NOT stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?
PRL
Negative feedback inhibition occurs when ________
thyroid hormone targets the anterior pituitary
Which is not a cause of cushing syndrome?
hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla
What is the correct abbrevation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?
CRH
What enters a target cells nucleus and acts directly on the genes.
Estrogen
_______ are secreted by one cell onto the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulates their physiology.
Paracrines
What is not a steriod hormone
Insulin
Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and insulin decreases it. This is an example of ________.
the anatagonistic effect
Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete ________ which _________ blood glucose
glucagon; raises
Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens ones physical or emotional well-being is called _________
stress
Aspirin and ibuprofen block the __________
action of cyclooxygenase
Diabetes insipidus is caused by _________
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion
The ___________is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function.
kidney
The ___________ secretes a hormone that increases the bodys metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system
thyroid gland
The anterior pituitary is _______ than the posterior pituitary and has _______ connection to the hypothalamus.
larger; no nervous
The _______ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.
parathyroid glands
Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the ________and the ______
liver; kidneys
What is Not a hypothalamic hormone?
luteinizing hormone
The posterior pituitary secretes ___________
oxytocin
Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via ____________
negative feedback inhibition
The ________- secrtes _________which promotes Na+ and water retention
adrenal cortex; aldosterone
The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by _________-.
cortisol
The _______ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells)
thymus
What is not secreted by the pancreas?
somatotropin (growth hormone)
The hypophseal portal system connects the _______ with the __________.
anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
________ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas _________ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms
Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone
What statement about diabetes melitus is false?
both type 1 and 2 DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of insulin.
The initial response to stress is called the ________ and is mediated mainly by ___________
alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
T4 and T3 are _______ hormones that are mainly transported _______ in the blood.
monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin
What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone
the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
What is an increase in the number of receptors making a target cell more sensitive to a hormone
Up- regulation
Growth hormone hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause ___________ when it begins in adulthood.
acromegaly
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the ________
kidneys
What is true regarding endocrine glands?
they release their secretions into the blood.
What hormone stimulates glucocortcoid secretion
ACTH
The infundibulum is a _______
projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs
The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes __________-.
cortisol
what is synthesized in the rough ER?
glucagon
What is not a characteristic of diabetes melitus
hypoglycemia
What is true regarding cortisol
it promotes breakdown of fat and protein
The ________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin
anterior pituitary
the absence of iodine in the diet leads to ___________.
hypothyroidism
the hormone _______ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness
melatonin
