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exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Legacy of behaviorism: Not so encompassing after all; some behaviors are species specific; some species cannot learn some behaviors; Reward and Repetition can only partly explain rat behavior

A

this leads to a paradigm shift into cognitive psych

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2
Q

When sensation changes but perception stays the same

A

Constancies

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3
Q

Humans and animals perceive and learn nearly everything in terms of:

A

relationships

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4
Q

Behaviorism: His impact was establishing a set of laws to explain S-R connections that underlie behavior and was a forerunner of operant conditioning

A

Thorndike

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5
Q

Measurers: Who invented the techniques of correlation and regression?

A

Galton

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6
Q

Behaviorism: He attempted to use math to describe learning; calculus of learning

A

Hull

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7
Q

Behavior: Who said that free will was an illusion

A

Skinner

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8
Q

What year did the APA’s division 35 become established to promote the research and study of women?

A

1973

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9
Q

A psychic state of affairs; when you can see two lines (one vertical and one horizontal) becoming one

A

Phi Phenomena

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10
Q

Measurers: He revised the Binet-Simon scale to the Stanford-Binet scale

A

Terman

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11
Q

When a stimulus is similar-but not exactly the same as the regular conditioned stimulus- and gets a similar response but not as dramatic, this is known as

A

generalization

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12
Q

Measurers: His impact: Makes the US conscious of practical applications of psychology; his test determined who got to be an officer in the Army

A

Yerkes

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13
Q

“REsponses are either annoyers or satisfiers; Satisfiers lead to positive consequences and responses are likely to be repeated” This is known as:

A

The Law of Effect

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14
Q

There are typically long pauses in responding after reinforcement

A

Fixed-interval schedule

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15
Q

Is gestalt still around today?

A

Yes, just broken down into sections like Perception, problem solving, memory, etc.

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16
Q

Was noted for I.O. psych; proved women could be engineers too

A

Lillian Gilbreth

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17
Q

Name the 3 main scientists of Gestalt psych

A

Wertheimer, kohler, and koffka

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18
Q

She got her PhD 40 years after the fact

A

Ladd-Franklin

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19
Q

Gestalt was pushed aside by which other type of psych?

A

Behaviorism

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20
Q

Illusion in phi phenomena is at retina level or brain level?

A

Brain level

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21
Q

Measurers: Who thought we needed an alternative to the Stanford-Binet?

A

Wechsler

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22
Q

There are relatively short pauses in responding after reinforcement is provided

A

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

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23
Q

Measurers: Impact was launching mental testing in the USA

A

Cattell

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24
Q

Measurers: Invented the WAIS and WISC; included verbal and non-verbal scales

A

Wechsler

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25
A visual illusion happens and is more frequent due to:
Retinal fatigue
26
Measurers: Wrote "Measuring Scale of Intelligence"
Binet
27
When an animal gets "antsy" it is considered
experimental neurosis
28
Gestalt: He wrote "Principles of Gestalt"
Koffka
29
Behaviorism: He's associated with classical conditioning
Pavlov
30
Measurers: Built the measuring scale for intelligence--CRUCIAL IDEA: compared norms of peers to measure mental age
Binet
31
Behaviorism: Who watched cats and chickens in puzzle boxes
Thorndike
32
Neuronal traces that interact with new experiences to become meaningful
Memory
33
Measurers: Three types of intelligence- Creative, Analytical, and Practical
Sternberg
34
Who said :All learned behavior is nothing but a long chain of conditioned reflexes whose acquisition, maintenance, and extinction were governed by the laws he and his assistants discovered
Pavlov
35
She discovered Paired Associative LEarning and contributed to Dream research
Mary Whiton Calkins
36
Gestalt: Used heuristics to solve problems; thought functional fixedness was an impediment; Problem solving protocol
Duncker
37
Behavior: Best known work was "Walden Two"
Skinner
38
10 neurotic needs was her work
Karen Horney
39
Measurers: Thought we have multiple intelligences (8)
Gardener
40
Measurers: 1865 Cambridge student whose study leads to the theory that intelligence is hereditary
Galton
41
What year did Title IX help increase educational opportunities
1972
42
Name a visual illusion of Gestalt
Mueller-Lyer illusion
43
She was the first woman to receive her PhD in psychology
Margaret F Washburn
44
She trained psychoanalysts
Karen Horney
45
Behaviorism: He wrote the Behaviorist Manifesto
Watson
46
When you're born with potential to have IQ within a certain range and then environmental influences move a person up or down within the range of their potential--this is known as
Reaction Range
47
Concept of Gestalt=
Organized unity with meaning
48
Measurers: Inventor of Eugenics
Galton
49
Took classes at Harvard but was denied a degree
M W Calkins
50
Intelligence is:
Cognitive Abilities
51
Name the Measurers in order of appearance in Hunt
``` Galton Cattell Binet Goddard Terman Yerkes Wechsler Sternberg Gardener ```
52
when a dog can tell the difference between two tones- one which food will follow and one where food does not follow. eventually it will stop drooling when the tone where food does not follow plays
Differentiation
53
Proximity, similarity, enclosure, symmetry, closure, continuity, connection, figure/ground---these are all:
Laws of Gestalt for perceptional organization
54
He was known as "Mr. Behaviorism"
Watson
55
Gestalt: His theory/idea was Learning via insight. He used monkeys to experiment and prove his ideas
Kohler
56
Measurers: Wrote "Mental Tests and Measurements"
Cattell
57
Behavior: Worked on reinforcement schedules; used rats and pigeons to press levels to get reinforcements/punishments
Skinner
58
Behaviorism: His Little Albert experiment is his most famous work
Watson
59
Shes an experimental psychologist in Sensation and Perception
Ladd-Franklin
60
Measurers: Menace of the feeble-minded; Invented the word Moron; Used the Kallikaks as the Eugenics Poster Family
Goddard
61
``` Behaviorism: Watson's manifesto included: Study behavior not ________ Study the observable, not the ______ Objective measurements, not ______ ones Goal is to predict and _____ people ```
study behavior not consciousness study observable not invisible objective measurements, not introspective ones goal is to predict and control people
62
Gestalt: He had the idea of pre-reward learning - -Mind organizes data via neuronal energy fields that seek best-fitting solution or "good gestalten" - These are isomorphic or legit replicas of what they represent
Koffka
63
Measurers: His impact includes "Improving" the USA by Eugenics; Controlled Breeding ideas; Colonization; Helped to tighten immigration laws of 1924 with IQ testing; Sterilization laws
Goddard
64
Name the Feminist Psychology Woman who said that psychology knows nothing about women; LAck of understanding of female-specific behaviors
Naomi Weisstein
65
In the 2006 APA report on Women in Psych, they found equal representation in members and associates but only _____% of Fellows are women
25%
66
What year did the APA establish a task force on status of women in psych
1970
67
She was the 1st woman president of the APA
Mary Whiton Calkins
68
"The more you do something, the stronger the Stimulus-Response (S-R) connection becomes." This is known as
The Law of Exercise
69
Central Gestaltist Doctrine: The whole is...
greater than the sum of its parts and that it dominates our perceptions
70
Wrote a book with her husband to receive no credit for it
Lillian Gilbreth
71
Slot machines; Responding occurs at a high, steady rate
Variable-ratio schedule
72
1st woman in americans society of mechanical engineers and 1st woman professor of engineering at Purdue
Lillian Gilbreth
73
What percent of variation in IQ can be accounted for by genetic factors?
50-80%
74
She worked on Animal behavior; said that animals have minds too
Margaret Floy Washburn
75
What was the IQ controversy?
Were the tests fair? Were they biased? Do they measure IQ or learned information?
76
Perceptual capacities of Gestalt:
emotional content, recognition by components, top down and bottom up processing
77
when a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned reflex is impermanent
Extinction
78
Was there an increase or decrease in use of IQ tests in the 1960s-70s?
Decrease
79
She challenged the Theory of color vision and developed her own theory where black/white is most primitive stage, white later differentiates into blue/yellow, and then Yellow into red/green
Ladd-Franklin
80
She was an experimental psychologist in LEarning and Self; Came up with the idea of self-psychology "Psych is a science of the self"
Mary Whiton Calkins
81
Whos Central Doctrine says: Mental operations consist of Gestalten, NOT strings of sensations and perceptions
Wertheimer
82
William Stern came up with the idea of a mental quotient. What is the formula?
Mental age / Chronological age (100 is average on all tests)
83
Behaviorism: He was adamant about not being a psychologist and was actually a Russian Biologist
Pavlov
84
She wrote "Psychology Constructs the Woman"
Naomi Weisstein
85
Measurers: How many scales did Terman make for all the age ranges and levels of intelligence
90
86
Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior until the behavior is learned:
Shaping
87
When was the greatest influence of Gestalt, and where?
1920-1930s; Germany and USA
88
Measurers: Impact consisted of the Binet-Simon scale; heredity isn't the point, Practical Application is the Goal
Binet
89
She was a pioneer in feminist and personality psychology
Karen Horney
90
Behaviorism: He was an extreme Nurturist
Watson
91
Name the 8 intelligences of Gardener
Linguistic, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Logical-Mathematical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Musical, Naturalist
92
She thought psychology is the study of behavior and consciousness
Margaret F Washburn
93
He attempted to model behaviorism on physical sciences
Hull
94
He brought behavioristic perspective to the forefront of psychology and was a major reason why behaviorism dominated in the USA for over 40 years
Watson
95
In what year was the Association of Women in Psych established and leads to resolutions on employment, childcare, equity, etc
1969
96
Measurers: His impact leads to a standardization for all testing scales; Testing industry gains momentum
Terman
97
Measurers: He influenced society with IQ tests; viewed low intelligence as a societal problem
Goddard
98
In the 2006 APA report on Women in Psych, did they find disparities still existed
yes, but more than 50% in most areas
99
Learning, thinking, and motivation is the key to:
Gestalt Theory
100
What year was the APA committee on women in psych created?
1973
101
Responding occurs at a steady rate
Variable-interval schedule
102
Measurers: He wrote "Hereditary Genius"
Galton
103
Measurers: He made the Alpha and Beta tests which were used to determine IQ of WWI recruits
Yerkes
104
Measurers: Legacy/Impact was the self-report; and the realization of individual differences in psychological traits (IQ)
Galton
105
This type of psych is holistic and based on Sensation and perception; Focuses on mind as an active processor of information, and creates laws of perceptual organization
Gestalt psych

HoP (2 decks)

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