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exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Legacy of behaviorism: Not so encompassing after all; some behaviors are species specific; some species cannot learn some behaviors; Reward and Repetition can only partly explain rat behavior

A

this leads to a paradigm shift into cognitive psych

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2
Q

When sensation changes but perception stays the same

A

Constancies

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3
Q

Humans and animals perceive and learn nearly everything in terms of:

A

relationships

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4
Q

Behaviorism: His impact was establishing a set of laws to explain S-R connections that underlie behavior and was a forerunner of operant conditioning

A

Thorndike

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5
Q

Measurers: Who invented the techniques of correlation and regression?

A

Galton

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6
Q

Behaviorism: He attempted to use math to describe learning; calculus of learning

A

Hull

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7
Q

Behavior: Who said that free will was an illusion

A

Skinner

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8
Q

What year did the APA’s division 35 become established to promote the research and study of women?

A

1973

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9
Q

A psychic state of affairs; when you can see two lines (one vertical and one horizontal) becoming one

A

Phi Phenomena

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10
Q

Measurers: He revised the Binet-Simon scale to the Stanford-Binet scale

A

Terman

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11
Q

When a stimulus is similar-but not exactly the same as the regular conditioned stimulus- and gets a similar response but not as dramatic, this is known as

A

generalization

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12
Q

Measurers: His impact: Makes the US conscious of practical applications of psychology; his test determined who got to be an officer in the Army

A

Yerkes

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13
Q

“REsponses are either annoyers or satisfiers; Satisfiers lead to positive consequences and responses are likely to be repeated” This is known as:

A

The Law of Effect

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14
Q

There are typically long pauses in responding after reinforcement

A

Fixed-interval schedule

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15
Q

Is gestalt still around today?

A

Yes, just broken down into sections like Perception, problem solving, memory, etc.

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16
Q

Was noted for I.O. psych; proved women could be engineers too

A

Lillian Gilbreth

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17
Q

Name the 3 main scientists of Gestalt psych

A

Wertheimer, kohler, and koffka

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18
Q

She got her PhD 40 years after the fact

A

Ladd-Franklin

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19
Q

Gestalt was pushed aside by which other type of psych?

A

Behaviorism

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20
Q

Illusion in phi phenomena is at retina level or brain level?

A

Brain level

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21
Q

Measurers: Who thought we needed an alternative to the Stanford-Binet?

A

Wechsler

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22
Q

There are relatively short pauses in responding after reinforcement is provided

A

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

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23
Q

Measurers: Impact was launching mental testing in the USA

A

Cattell

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24
Q

Measurers: Invented the WAIS and WISC; included verbal and non-verbal scales

A

Wechsler

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25
Q

A visual illusion happens and is more frequent due to:

A

Retinal fatigue

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26
Q

Measurers: Wrote “Measuring Scale of Intelligence”

A

Binet

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27
Q

When an animal gets “antsy” it is considered

A

experimental neurosis

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28
Q

Gestalt: He wrote “Principles of Gestalt”

A

Koffka

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29
Q

Behaviorism: He’s associated with classical conditioning

A

Pavlov

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30
Q

Measurers: Built the measuring scale for intelligence–CRUCIAL IDEA: compared norms of peers to measure mental age

A

Binet

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31
Q

Behaviorism: Who watched cats and chickens in puzzle boxes

A

Thorndike

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32
Q

Neuronal traces that interact with new experiences to become meaningful

A

Memory

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33
Q

Measurers: Three types of intelligence- Creative, Analytical, and Practical

A

Sternberg

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34
Q

Who said :All learned behavior is nothing but a long chain of conditioned reflexes whose acquisition, maintenance, and extinction were governed by the laws he and his assistants discovered

A

Pavlov

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35
Q

She discovered Paired Associative LEarning and contributed to Dream research

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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36
Q

Gestalt: Used heuristics to solve problems; thought functional fixedness was an impediment; Problem solving protocol

A

Duncker

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37
Q

Behavior: Best known work was “Walden Two”

A

Skinner

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38
Q

10 neurotic needs was her work

A

Karen Horney

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39
Q

Measurers: Thought we have multiple intelligences (8)

A

Gardener

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40
Q

Measurers: 1865 Cambridge student whose study leads to the theory that intelligence is hereditary

A

Galton

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41
Q

What year did Title IX help increase educational opportunities

A

1972

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42
Q

Name a visual illusion of Gestalt

A

Mueller-Lyer illusion

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43
Q

She was the first woman to receive her PhD in psychology

A

Margaret F Washburn

44
Q

She trained psychoanalysts

A

Karen Horney

45
Q

Behaviorism: He wrote the Behaviorist Manifesto

A

Watson

46
Q

When you’re born with potential to have IQ within a certain range and then environmental influences move a person up or down within the range of their potential–this is known as

A

Reaction Range

47
Q

Concept of Gestalt=

A

Organized unity with meaning

48
Q

Measurers: Inventor of Eugenics

A

Galton

49
Q

Took classes at Harvard but was denied a degree

A

M W Calkins

50
Q

Intelligence is:

A

Cognitive Abilities

51
Q

Name the Measurers in order of appearance in Hunt

A 
Galton
Cattell
Binet
Goddard
Terman
Yerkes
Wechsler
Sternberg
Gardener
52
Q

when a dog can tell the difference between two tones- one which food will follow and one where food does not follow. eventually it will stop drooling when the tone where food does not follow plays

A

Differentiation

53
Q

Proximity, similarity, enclosure, symmetry, closure, continuity, connection, figure/ground—these are all:

A

Laws of Gestalt for perceptional organization

54
Q

He was known as “Mr. Behaviorism”

A

Watson

55
Q

Gestalt: His theory/idea was Learning via insight. He used monkeys to experiment and prove his ideas

A

Kohler

56
Q

Measurers: Wrote “Mental Tests and Measurements”

A

Cattell

57
Q

Behavior: Worked on reinforcement schedules; used rats and pigeons to press levels to get reinforcements/punishments

A

Skinner

58
Q

Behaviorism: His Little Albert experiment is his most famous work

A

Watson

59
Q

Shes an experimental psychologist in Sensation and Perception

A

Ladd-Franklin

60
Q

Measurers: Menace of the feeble-minded; Invented the word Moron; Used the Kallikaks as the Eugenics Poster Family

A

Goddard

61
Q 
Behaviorism: Watson's manifesto included:
Study behavior not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Study the observable, not the \_\_\_\_\_\_
Objective measurements, not \_\_\_\_\_\_ ones
Goal is to predict and \_\_\_\_\_ people
A

study behavior not consciousness
study observable not invisible
objective measurements, not introspective ones
goal is to predict and control people

62
Q

Gestalt: He had the idea of pre-reward learning

  • -Mind organizes data via neuronal energy fields that seek best-fitting solution or “good gestalten”
  • These are isomorphic or legit replicas of what they represent
A

Koffka

63
Q

Measurers: His impact includes “Improving” the USA by Eugenics; Controlled Breeding ideas; Colonization; Helped to tighten immigration laws of 1924 with IQ testing; Sterilization laws

A

Goddard

64
Q

Name the Feminist Psychology Woman who said that psychology knows nothing about women; LAck of understanding of female-specific behaviors

A

Naomi Weisstein

65
Q

In the 2006 APA report on Women in Psych, they found equal representation in members and associates but only _____% of Fellows are women

A

25%

66
Q

What year did the APA establish a task force on status of women in psych

A

1970

67
Q

She was the 1st woman president of the APA

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

68
Q

“The more you do something, the stronger the Stimulus-Response (S-R) connection becomes.” This is known as

A

The Law of Exercise

69
Q

Central Gestaltist Doctrine: The whole is…

A

greater than the sum of its parts and that it dominates our perceptions

70
Q

Wrote a book with her husband to receive no credit for it

A

Lillian Gilbreth

71
Q

Slot machines; Responding occurs at a high, steady rate

A

Variable-ratio schedule

72
Q

1st woman in americans society of mechanical engineers and 1st woman professor of engineering at Purdue

A

Lillian Gilbreth

73
Q

What percent of variation in IQ can be accounted for by genetic factors?

A

50-80%

74
Q

She worked on Animal behavior; said that animals have minds too

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

75
Q

What was the IQ controversy?

A

Were the tests fair? Were they biased? Do they measure IQ or learned information?

76
Q

Perceptual capacities of Gestalt:

A

emotional content, recognition by components, top down and bottom up processing

77
Q

when a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned reflex is impermanent

A

Extinction

78
Q

Was there an increase or decrease in use of IQ tests in the 1960s-70s?

A

Decrease

79
Q

She challenged the Theory of color vision and developed her own theory where black/white is most primitive stage, white later differentiates into blue/yellow, and then Yellow into red/green

A

Ladd-Franklin

80
Q

She was an experimental psychologist in LEarning and Self; Came up with the idea of self-psychology “Psych is a science of the self”

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

81
Q

Whos Central Doctrine says: Mental operations consist of Gestalten, NOT strings of sensations and perceptions

A

Wertheimer

82
Q

William Stern came up with the idea of a mental quotient. What is the formula?

A

Mental age / Chronological age (100 is average on all tests)

83
Q

Behaviorism: He was adamant about not being a psychologist and was actually a Russian Biologist

A

Pavlov

84
Q

She wrote “Psychology Constructs the Woman”

A

Naomi Weisstein

85
Q

Measurers: How many scales did Terman make for all the age ranges and levels of intelligence

A

90

86
Q

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior until the behavior is learned:

A

Shaping

87
Q

When was the greatest influence of Gestalt, and where?

A

1920-1930s; Germany and USA

88
Q

Measurers: Impact consisted of the Binet-Simon scale; heredity isn’t the point, Practical Application is the Goal

A

Binet

89
Q

She was a pioneer in feminist and personality psychology

A

Karen Horney

90
Q

Behaviorism: He was an extreme Nurturist

A

Watson

91
Q

Name the 8 intelligences of Gardener

A

Linguistic, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Logical-Mathematical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Musical, Naturalist

92
Q

She thought psychology is the study of behavior and consciousness

A

Margaret F Washburn

93
Q

He attempted to model behaviorism on physical sciences

A

Hull

94
Q

He brought behavioristic perspective to the forefront of psychology and was a major reason why behaviorism dominated in the USA for over 40 years

A

Watson

95
Q

In what year was the Association of Women in Psych established and leads to resolutions on employment, childcare, equity, etc

A

1969

96
Q

Measurers: His impact leads to a standardization for all testing scales; Testing industry gains momentum

A

Terman

97
Q

Measurers: He influenced society with IQ tests; viewed low intelligence as a societal problem

A

Goddard

98
Q

In the 2006 APA report on Women in Psych, did they find disparities still existed

A

yes, but more than 50% in most areas

99
Q

Learning, thinking, and motivation is the key to:

A

Gestalt Theory

100
Q

What year was the APA committee on women in psych created?

A

1973

101
Q

Responding occurs at a steady rate

A

Variable-interval schedule

102
Q

Measurers: He wrote “Hereditary Genius”

A

Galton

103
Q

Measurers: He made the Alpha and Beta tests which were used to determine IQ of WWI recruits

A

Yerkes

104
Q

Measurers: Legacy/Impact was the self-report; and the realization of individual differences in psychological traits (IQ)

A

Galton

105
Q

This type of psych is holistic and based on Sensation and perception; Focuses on mind as an active processor of information, and creates laws of perceptual organization

A

Gestalt psych

HoP (2 decks)

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