Exam 2 Flashcards
What is dormancy?
The seed will germinate when environmental conditions are right
What is the quiescent phase?
A resting phase followed by germination
What happens during seed maturation?
Food stores build up, the seed dessicates, and the seed coat hardens
What are meristems?
Growth tissue
What are the three tissue types?
Vascular tissue, dermal tissue, and ground tissue
What is the apical-basal pattern of growth?
Upwards and downward growth. Apical is up, basal is down?
What are the two patterns of plant growth?
Apical-basal and radial
What is embryogenesis?
Formation of the embryo
What are gymnosperms?
Vascular plants with seeds but no fruit or flowers
What are eudicots?
Plants with two cotyledons
What are monocots?
Plants with a single cotyledon
What are the types of angiosperm?
Monocots and eudicots
What are angiosperms?
Vascular plants with flowers, seeds, and fruit
What are the two types of vascular plants?
Angiosperms and gymnosperms
Define vascular.
Networks of cells that move water and sugars throughout the plant
What is step 3 of speciation?
Reinforcement in the form of secondary contact. The populations return to sympatry and any hybrid offspring have reduced fitness
What is step 2 of speciation?
Divergence. The populations must diverge genetically
What is allopatric speciation?
Geographic isolation
What is step 1 of speciation?
Isolation of populations
Where does primary growth occur?
Tips of roots and shoots (apical & basal meristems)
What is after-ripening dormancy?
Requires environmental changes (ex: vernalization)
What is embryo dormancy?
Hormone ratios prevent germination
What is coat-imposed dormancy?
When the seed coat prevents water and oxygen from entering the seed.
What is a point mutation?
A change in a single base pair.