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Anatomy exam 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the

A

cell

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2
Q

All of the chemical reactions within a cell are known as cell

A

metabolism

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3
Q

Cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals as a means of

A

communicating

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic function of a cell?

A

movement

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5
Q

Which of the following could be used to study general features of cells?

A

light microscope

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6
Q

The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is

A

0.1 micrometer

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

A

Gives the clearest three-dimensional images.

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8
Q

In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

A

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

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9
Q

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?

A

recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system

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10
Q

The plasma membrane

A

regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.

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11
Q

The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as

A

extracellular.

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12
Q

Glycolipids would contain both lipids and

A

carbohydrates

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13
Q

The main components of the plasma membrane are

A

proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

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14
Q

The collection of carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins of the plasma membrane is
called the

A

glycocalyx.

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15
Q

When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical
charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels
would be called

A

voltage-gated channels.

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16
Q

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A

have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

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17
Q

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A

all choices are correct

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18
Q

The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are

A

cholesterol

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19
Q

The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a

A

phospholipid

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20
Q

The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that

A

the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.

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21
Q

According to the most current model of the plasma membrane,

A

proteins are free to move about within a double layer of phospholipids.

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22
Q

Membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called

A

integral proteins.

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23
Q

Channel proteins

A

provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell.

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24
Q

Molecules that serve as chemical signals to open or close gated ion channels are

A

ligands.

25
Q

Cells that respond to ligands

A

possess receptor sites for specific ligands.

26
Q

Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to
_____ on another cell.

A

receptor proteins

27
Q

Membrane-bound receptors

A

have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

28
Q

Communication between cells is essential to coordinate the activity of the trillions of cells
that make up the human body. Which of the following is (are) directly involved in carrying
out communication between cells?

A

both receptor proteins of the plasma membrane and chemical signal molecules released by
cells

29
Q

What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can
attach to a ligand?

A

receptor proteins

30
Q

What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across
plasma membrane?

A

carrier proteins

31
Q

What type of membrane proteins form a passageway through the plasma membrane?

A

channel proteins

32
Q

What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

A

marker molecules

33
Q

What type of membrane proteins can catalyze chemical reactions on the inner or outer
surfaces of the plasma membrane?

A

enzymes

34
Q

What type of attachment proteins attach cells to extracellular molecules?

A

integrins

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a G-protein complex protein?

A

delta

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of G-protein complex action?

A

Stimulates a cell by means of extracellular chemical signals.

37
Q

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?

A

receptor proteins - attach to ligand molecules

38
Q

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?

A

carrier proteins – move bound ions or molecules from one side of the membrane to the
other

39
Q

Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma
membrane?

A

ATP powered pump

40
Q

A symporter will transport _____ across the cell membrane.

A

two different ions or molecules in the same direction

41
Q

In _______, ions or molecules move in opposite directions.

A

antiport

42
Q

In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble
molecules diffuse through the ______ ______.

A

membrane channels; lipid bilayer

43
Q

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

A

only certain substances can pass through it.

44
Q

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

A

by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.

45
Q

Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma
membrane is true?

A

Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.

46
Q

A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of the
following processes would be least affected by this treatment?

A

diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane

47
Q

The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The
distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of

A

diffusion.

48
Q

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

A

of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

49
Q

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?

A

an increase in the temperature

50
Q

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of less
concentration is called

A

diffusion.

51
Q

Salt was added to a beaker of distilled water (the water was not stirred). A sample taken
from the bottom of the beaker was found to be 20% salt. At the same time, a sample taken
from the top of the beaker was found to be 2% salt. After 24 hours

A

the percentage of salt in top and bottom samples would be approximately equal.

52
Q

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example
of

A

diffusion

53
Q

Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

water

54
Q

Solution A contains 5 grams of sugar per liter while solution B contains 2 grams of sugar
per liter. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If the solvent in
both solutions is water, predict in which direction most of the water molecules will move.

A

move by osmosis from solution B to solution A

55
Q

The extracellular material found in tissues is called

A

matrix

56
Q

What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?

A

tissue

57
Q

What is the microscopic study of tissues?

A

histology

58
Q

What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?

A

epithelial tissue

Anatomy exam 1 (2 decks)

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