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Human Form and Function > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcomere

A

basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane of skeletal muscle fiber

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3
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

ER of skeletal muscle

Stores Calcium

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5
Q

Myosin

A

thick filament

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6
Q

Actin

A

thin filament

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7
Q

Z disk

A

where 2 sarcomeres connect

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8
Q

Endomysium

A

CT surrounding myofibrils

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9
Q

Perimysium

A

CT surrounding fascicle

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10
Q

Epimysium

A

CT surrounding entire muscle

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11
Q

H zone

M line

A

Only myosin is present

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12
Q

I band

A

Only actin is present

light bands

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13
Q

A band

A

Overlap of actin and myosin from end to end

dark bands

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14
Q

During contraction:

1) A band
2) H zone
3) I band

A

1) stays the same size
2) gets smaller
3) gets smaller

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15
Q

T-tubules

A

Important for conduction of electrical excitation

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16
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Sarcomeres laid end to end makes up muscle fibers

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17
Q

Structure of muscle biggest to smallest

A 
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber (surrounded by sarcolemma)
Myofibrils
Filaments
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18
Q

Motor unit

A

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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19
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

A

Where motor neuron and muscle meets

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20
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

energy available instantly

stores are depleted quickly so is only good for very short period of time

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21
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration

A

Requires oxygen

Produces 36 ATP per glucose

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22
Q

Anaerobic cellular respiration

A

2 ATPs per glucose

Lactic acid

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23
Q

Removal of lactic acid

A

Requires oxygen

Gets converted back to glucose and is stored

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24
Q

Endurance training

A

increases # of mitochondria
increases ability to get oxygen (lung volume, hemoglobin, etc.)
increases myoglobin

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25
Q

Muscle twitch

A

Contraction of muscle fiber in response to single stimulus

26
Q

Tetany

A

Full contraction of muscle as strong as it can be

27
Q

Muscle tone

A

state of partial contraction in resting muscles
need it to help you sit up and not flop over
keeps muscle ready to respond optimally
excitation of alternating motor units
need input from CNS

28
Q

Isometric contraction

A

length of muscle stays the same

29
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

tension in the muscle stays the same

30
Q

Nerve

A

has motor and sensory info

31
Q

Damage to dorsal root

A

no sensory info

movement is indirectly affected

32
Q

Damage to ventral root

A

no movement

sensory info remains

33
Q

Ganglion

A

cluster of cells in the periphery

34
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

contains unipolar, sensory afferent neurons

35
Q

Ventral root

A

carries motor info

cell bodies in CNS-ventral horn of spinal cord

36
Q

Converging neuronal pathway

A

two or more neurons synapse on same neuron

allows info from more than one pathway to converge into one single pathway

37
Q

Diverging neuronal pathway

A

axon from one neuron divides and synapse with more than one neuron
allows info to be transmitted in one pathway to diverge into two or more pathways

38
Q

Choroid plexus

39
Q

Acetylcholine at the NMJ increases permeability of the muscle cell membrane to

A

Sodium ions

40
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots combine to form

A

spinal nerve

41
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

42
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

supplies upper limb, shoulder, hand

43
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C4
phrenic nerve
supplies head and neck

44
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

L1-S4

supplies lower limbs

45
Q

Sacral and Coccygeal plexuses

A

sciatic nerve

large nerves

46
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

absorb CSF and put into general circulation

47
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinated movement

learning

48
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center for all senses except smell

49
Q

CN I

50
Q

CN II

51
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

52
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

eye movement

53
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

chemosensory, innervates face

54
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

eye movement

55
Q

CN VII

A

facial

taste, tears, saliva, facial expression

56
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

swallowing, saliva, taste

57
Q

CN X

A

vagus

controls PNS, smooth muscle of GI tract

58
Q

CN XI

A

accessory

moving head and shoulders, swallowing

59
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

speech, swallowing

60
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

Human Form and Function (5 decks)

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