EXAM #2

Question 1

Takes earnings and distributes to share holders/investors

Answer 1

for profit

Question 2

Takes earnings and invests them into the organization for improvements

Answer 2

non profit; bjc, ssm, memorial

Question 3

Overall financial status of the US healthcare system

Answer 3

macro

Question 4

Specific or organizational financial status

BJC/BJH, Mercy/ SSM

Answer 4

micro

Question 5

Someone other than the patient is most likely paying for the majority care.
Insurance-employer, health care exchanges, Medicare, Medicaid

Answer 5

third party payer system

Question 6

Part of the bill that the patient must pay before the insurer will pay the bill for the services.

Answer 6

deductible

Question 7

fixed amount that a patient may be required to pay for services (physician visit, lab test, prescription…)

Answer 7

copayment

Question 8

Federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, persons with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease. Funded by 2 trust funds from the US treasury.

Answer 8

medicare

Question 9

Federal/State program for certain categories of low-income people.
Funded by both federal and state funds.

Answer 9

medicaid

Question 10

major purchases of healthcare, government and insurers

Answer 10

macro consumer

Question 11

the patient

Answer 11

micro consumer

Question 12

Applies to all healthcare organizations that receive Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement
Requires that patients get information regarding consents, confidentially, the right to make medical decisions, be informed about treatment and diagnosis, refuse treatment, and use of an advanced directive

Answer 12

Patient Self Determination Act of 1990

Question 13

Created a standard for measuring and collecting data for patient’s perceptions of their hospital experience

Answer 13

HCAPS

Question 14

Predisposed to a point of view

Answer 14

BIAS

Question 15

One’s group or culture is superior to others

Answer 15

ethnocentrism

Question 16

Making assumptions or judgments about beliefs, behaviors, needs, and expectations of patient’s or other healthcare staff of a different cultural background because of one’s own belief; involves negative attitudes toward the different group

Answer 16

prejudice

Question 17

Process by which people use social group to gather, process, and recall information about other people. This process can be negative if it involves unfairly classifying people or using incorrect information

Answer 17

stereotyping

Question 18

Major factors contributing to disparities

Answer 18

inadequate access to care

substandard quality of care

Question 19

Systematic method for thinking about and communicating how nurses provide patient care.

Answer 19

nursing process

Question 20

phases of the nursing process

Answer 20

1- assessment. subjective/objective data
2-Analysis and Identification of the Problem; nurse diagnosis 
3-planning goals 
4-implementation
5-goals met?

Question 21

require instruction, written orders, or supervision of another health care provider with prescriptive authority

Answer 21

dependent interventions

Question 22

nurse must collaborate with another health care provider before carrying out intervention

Answer 22

interdependent interventions

Question 23

define under what conditions and circumstances a nurse is allowed to treat the patient

Answer 23

protocols

Question 24

Individual’s code of acceptable behavior
Shape an individual’s values
May be influenced by cultural factors and experience
Learned through growth and development

Answer 24

morals

Question 25

A standardized code or guide to behaviors | Learned through a more organized system

Answer 25

ethics

Question 26

Patient’s right to make decisions about matters that impact the patient

Answer 26

autonomy

Question 27

Doing something good and caring for the patient

Answer 27

beneficence

Question 28

treating people fairly

Answer 28

justice

Question 29

telling the truth

Answer 29

veracity

Question 30

Threat or use of force on an other individual that causes the person to feel reasonable apprehension about imminent harmful or offensive contact

Answer 30

assault

Question 31

Actual intentional striking of someone, with intent to hard, or in a rude and insolent manner even if the injury is slight

Answer 31

battery

Question 32

Law of private rights

Answer 32

civil law

Question 33

Statues that deal with crimes against the public

Answer 33

criminal law

Question 34

a person is presumed to be negligent if he, she, or an organization/employer had exclusive control of whatever cause the injury, even though there is no specific evidence of an act of negligence

Answer 34

Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur

Question 35

Confinement of a person against his or her own will

Answer 35

false imprisonment

Question 36

Laws that protect healthcare professional from being sued when providing emergency care outside of a healthcare setting. Must provide care in a reasonable and prudent professional manner following standards and practice

Answer 36

good samaritan law

Question 37

Act of continuing conduct of a professional law that does not meet the standard of professional competence and results in provable damages to the patient

Answer 37

malpractice

Question 38

Failure to exercise the care towards others that a reasonable or prudent person would under the circumstances

Answer 38

negligence

Question 39

A cause that is legally sufficient to result in liability

Answer 39

proximate cause

Question 40

An employer responsible for the actions of their employee in the course of employment

Answer 40

respondent superior

Question 41

Minimum guidelines identified by the profession and healthcare organization policies and procedures

Answer 41

standards of practice

Question 42

A civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained in the form of damages.

Answer 42

tort

Question 43

The body of law derived from statues rather than constitutional or judicial decision

Answer 43

statutory law

Question 44

all policy is rooted in

Answer 44

health

Question 45

t/f most americans think the government should not be major players in insurance

Answer 45

true

Question 46

ANA advocates for

Answer 46

universal healthcare ; if everyone was covered

Question 47

what universal healthcare could achieve

Answer 47

``` Spread the insurance risk Decrease in cost of prescription drugs Administrative cost saved Quality, safety, and patient satisfaction Resources redirected towards patients ```

Question 48

``` Safe Affordable Coordinated Functional High quality Cost effective ```

Answer 48

nursing agenda- all patients have the right to these

Question 49

the process of influencing the authoritative allocation of scare resources

Answer 49

politics

Question 50

``` Define the problem Specify criteria Identify solution options and select best Implement the policy Monitor and evaluate the policy ```

Answer 50

create policies

Question 51

Specific interest or interest group

Answer 51

lobbyist

Question 52

Legislative work mainly occurs in

Answer 52

committees

Question 53

Private groups

Answer 53

political action committees

Question 54

E-mail Call Visit

Answer 54

grassroots advocacy

Question 55

advocate for nursing; helping a nurse by drawing blood and went to stick it in sharps container- got HIV and hep.c.

Answer 55

karen daley

Question 56

what did karen daley do

Answer 56

went before congress and advocated emptying the sharps container

Question 57

Center’s for Medicare and Medicaid

Answer 57

marilyn tavenner

Question 58

occurs when a person is forced to choose between two or more alternatives, and neither is the best option.

Answer 58

ethical dilemma

Question 59

Most common problems receive the most funding

Answer 59

research

Question 60

Patient that is charged for care that they did not receive, or charged more than set standard

Answer 60

healthcare fraud and abuse

Question 61

took steps to increase monitoring and enforcement of laws to prevent fraud from occurring

Answer 61

affordable health care act

Question 62

Any hospital that receives money from Medicaid or Medicare must meet certain requirements

Answer 62

organizational ethics

Question 63

A child is a minor and under the control of their parents until the child is 18 years old

Answer 63

emancipation

Question 64

A person with specific expertise and knowledge who can provide testimony to prove the standard of care

Answer 64

expert witness

Question 65

For simple nursing procedures

Answer 65

we dont need consent

Question 66

For emergency situations

Answer 66

implied consent is enough

Question 67

a written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment

Answer 67

advanced directive

Question 68

Withholding aggressive medical treatment is not the same as withholding all medical care.

Answer 68

true

Question 69

``` use of life sustaining equipment Artificial hydration DNR-allow a natural death Withholding foods and fluids Palliative care Organ or tissue donation ```

Answer 69

issues covered for advanced directives

Question 70

policy influences

Answer 70

policy development | implementation

Question 71

Systematic method for thinking about and communicating how nurses provide patient care. The nursing process is a step by step tool that guides nurses as they plan and provide care in a variety of clinical setting

Answer 71

nursing process

Question 72

how to communicate

Answer 72

therapeutic communications ; Silence, restating, reflecting, clarifying, validating, open ended questions Stay within the zone of helpfulness

Question 73

require instruction, written orders, or supervision of another health care provider with prescriptive authority

Answer 73

dependent intervention

Question 74

nurse must collaborate with another health care provider before carrying out intervention

Answer 74

interdependent intervention

Question 75

under what conditions and circumstances a nurse is allowed to treat the patient

Answer 75

protocols