Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EES 1070 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is morbidity referencing

A

Illness form environmental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mortality referencing

A

Death, from environmental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the distinction between hazardous substances and toxins

A

Hazardous substances- dangerous but not toxic, they can be flammable, explosive, irritant, acid, or caustic

Toxin- know poisons that damage or kill cells/tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do allergens do

A

Substances that activate the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do neurotoxins do to an organism

A

They are metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve cells, they are extremely toxic and fast acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of some neurotoxins

A 
Heavy metals
Anesthetics 
 Chlorinated hydrocarbons 
Organophosphate a
Carbamates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a mutagen and give examples

A

Agents that damage or alter genetic material. Can lead to birth defects or tumors .

Examples: nicotine, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a teratogen and what is an example

A

A toxin which specifically causes abnormalities during embryonic growth and development

Example- alcohol and fetal alcohol syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do water soluble and fat soluble contaminants differ in organisms

A

Water soluble- move rapidly through the environment and have ready access to cells via tissue fluid

Fat soluble- need a carrier to move through the environment, but once in the body can penetrate tissues easily. Can be stored in body fat for many years, very persistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bio magnification and what is an example

A

Biomagnification is the toxic burden of a large number of organisms at a lower tropic lever is accumulated and concentrated by a predator at a higher trophic level

Example- DDT toxic to bugs eaten by fish and small animals birds who eat those, like Eagles, have their egg shell walls thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is LD 50 in regard to a toxic chemical

A

LD50 is the does at which 50% of the animal test population who was exposed to a toxic chemical dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between a chronic and acute response to a toxic substance

A

Acute- cause by single exposure and results in immediate health problems

Chronic-long lasting, perhaps permanent. Can be a result of a single large dose or repeated smaller doses. Can refere to long lasting exposure. Difficult to study because of aging and other disease interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes malaria

A

A mosquito infecting a person with the malaria pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes anemia

A

An iron deficiency which causes insufficient hemoglobin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What enables high responder crops to produce tremendous yields

A

Fertilizers and protection from pests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the concerns regarding genetically modified animals for human consumption

A

They will escape captivity and outcompete their wild relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is topsoil

A

The first player under the surface in which organic matter, living organisms, and inorganic material resides. In the a-horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the stratified horizontal layers of soil

A

O horizon- organic layer, leaf litter, soil organisms, and partially decomposed organisms,

A-horizon- surface soil, mineral partials with organic material

E-horizon- washed out, depleted or nutrients

B-horizon- subsoil, dense

C-horizon- weathered rock w/fragments of organic material

Parent material- mineral material in which soil can be built on, can be bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What three crops deliver the majority of needed nutrients to humanity

A

Wheat, rice, and corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is rill erosion, sheet wash, and gullying

A

Rill erosion- small rivulets of running water gather together and cut small channels

Sheet erosion- a thin layer of the surface is removed

Gully erosion- fills enlarge to form bigger channels too large to be removed by normal tillage

21
Q

Where is wind erosion most serious

A

Africa and China

22
Q

What special characteristics do legumes possess regarding their root system

A

Nitrogen fixing roots

Roots have bulb things

23
Q

What is a broad spectrum biocides

A

Kills a wide variety of living organisms

24
Q

In what activity are most of the pesticides in the United States applied

A

Agriculture or food storage and shipping

25
Q

What characteristics do chlorinated hydrocarbons have for sensitive organisms

A

They are fast acting and highly toxic to sensitive organisms.

Persistent and concentrate in food chains

26
Q

Give examples of chlorinated hydrocarbon

A

Atrazine
Moth balls
DDT- an organochloride

27
Q

What causes pesticide resistances

A

A few resistant pests survive the pesticide and survive to repopulate the area with more resistant pests.

They require finding a new pesticide

28
Q

What is the name of the process wherein a a pesticide evaporates from soil and water in warm areas the. Condenses and precipitates in colder regions

A

The grasshopper effect

29
Q

What is the purpose of contour plowing

A

Contour- Plowing across a slope to slow the flow of water

Strip- planting different crops in alternating strips along land contours to slow the flow of water and enrich soil

Slow water flow and erosion of soil
Conserve soil

30
Q

What are examples of plants that make natural pesticides and insect repellents

A

Nicotine

Pyrethrums.

Mums

31
Q

What is transpiration

A

Process by which waters moves through a plant and is evaporated through the parts such a stems, leaves, and flowers

Water evaporates from plant surfaces

32
Q

What hydronic process contains the greatest and least amount of freshwater

A

Greatest-glaciers, ice caps and snow fields

Least- atmosphere

33
Q

What is the process by which water enters the ground and becomes groundwater

A

Recharge zone

34
Q

What characterizes the zone of saturation

A

Lower soil layers where all spaces are filled with water

35
Q

What characterizes the zone of aeration

A

Upper soil layers that hold both water and air

36
Q

What animals are most efficient and least efficient turning grain into meat

A

Most- fish and chicken

Least- beef and pigs

37
Q

How do the discharges compare for various major river systems worldwide

A 
Amazon- 175,000
Orinoco-45,300
Congo- 39,200
Yangtze- 28,000
Bramaputra- 19,000
Mississippi- 18,400
Mekong- 18,300
Parang- 18,000
Yenisey- 17,200
Lena- 16,000
38
Q

How energy intensive is meat production

A

U.S. Food system- consumes 16% of total energy use

Takes 16x as much fossil fuel to produce 1 kg of meat compared to 1 kg of plant

39
Q

What is desalinization and where is it currently used to produce fresh water

A

Removing salt from ocean water or brackish water to get fresh water

Used in the Middle East- produces 60%

40
Q

What are the major uses of water world wide

A

Agricultural, domestic, industrial

41
Q

In the U.S. What represents the greatest share of household water use

A

Toilets-26.7%

Laundry-21.6%
Showers-16.7%

42
Q

In the past century where have half of the new dams and reservoirs been built

A

China

43
Q

What are examples of point source pollution

A

Factories, power plants, drain pipes

44
Q

What are examples of non-point sources

A

Agricultural fields, feedlots, gold course, residential construction sites

45
Q

What do water bodies become when they are overloaded with plant nutrients

A

Eutrophic

46
Q

Why has surface water pollution decreased in the United States since 1950

A

The clean water act

47
Q

Where are aquifers especially susceptible to contamination

A

In agricultural areas because of the fertilizers and pesticides

48
Q

How do mountains cause rain

A

Mountains act as cloud formers and rain catchers

Air sweeps up the windward side, pressure decreases and the air cools, saturation point is reached and moisture condenses in the air rain falls on the mountain top

49
Q

What kind of remediation involves using duckweed in a lagoon

A

Bioremediation

-living organisms breakdown pollution

EES 1070 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions