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PHAR 501 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk-forming laxative

A

Psyllium

Calcium polycarbophil

Wheat dextrin

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2
Q

Emollient Laxative

A

Docusate

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3
Q

Saline Laxative

A

Magnesium hydroxide

Sodium phosphate enema

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4
Q

Stimulant Laxative

A

Sennosides 8.6mg

Bisacodyl 5mg

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5
Q

Hyperosmotic Laxative

A

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350

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6
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Loperamide

Bismuth subsalicylate

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7
Q

Probiotic

A

Bifidobacterium infantis

Lactobacillus GG

Saccharomyces boulardii

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8
Q

Antiemetic

A

Phosphorated carbohydrate

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9
Q

Motion Sickness

A

Meclizine

Dimenhydrinate

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10
Q

Medications used for Intestinal Gas

A

Alpha-d-galactosidase

Simethicone

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11
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

2-4 tablets po q2h prn

treatment

30min / 1hr

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12
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide (Antacid)

A

400-1200 mg po prn up to QID

treatment

30min / 1hr

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13
Q

Antacids

A

Calcium Carbonate

Magnesium Hydroxide

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14
Q

H2RAs

A

Famotidine

Ranitidine

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15
Q

PPI

A

Omeprazole

Esomeprazole

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16
Q

Famotidine

A

10-20 mg po BID

prevention

1hr / 12hrs

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17
Q

Ranitidine

A

75-150 mg po BID

prevention

1hr / 12hrs

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18
Q

Omeprazole

A

20 mg qd for 2 wks

treatment

1hr / 72hrs

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19
Q

Esomeprazole

A

20 mg qd for 2 wks

treatment

1hr / 72hrs

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20
Q

Psyllium

A

2.5-30 g soluble fiber po qd in divided doses

12-24hrs

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21
Q

Calcium polycarbophil

A

1250 mg po 1-4x/day

12-24hrs

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22
Q

Wheat dextrin

A

3 g soluble fiber po up to TID

12-24hrs

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23
Q

Docusate

A

Na: 50-200 mg po qd in 1 or 2 divided doses
Ca: 240 mg po daily

24-72hrs

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24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Laxative)

A

2400-4800 mg po once at bedtime

1-6hrs

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25
Q

Sodium phosphate enema

A

Contents of one 118 mL enema as a single dose pr daily

26
Q

Sennosides 8.6mg

A

8.6-15 mg po once daily, max 70-100 mg/day po in 2 divided doses

27
Q

Bisacodyl 5mg

A

5-15 mg po or 10 mg pr in a single dose

28
Q

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350

A

17 g of powder (1 packet or approximately 1 heaping tablespoon) po daily

29
Q

Loperamide

A

4 mg po after first loose stool

2 mg po after each subsequent loose stool (max 16 mg/d)

30
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

525 mg every 30 min to 1 h prn (max of 8 doses/24 h)

31
Q

Bifidobacterium infantis

A

Initially, 1 capsule (approximately 1 billion colony-forming units) po daily, may increase to up to 10 billion cfu po daily

32
Q

Lactobacillus GG

A

Varies from 1 million cfu po 3-4x/d for some products to 900 billion cfu po 3-4x/d

33
Q

Saccharomyces boulardii

A

250 mg po daily, may increase to 1 g po daily

34
Q

Phosphorated carbohydrate

A

5-30 mL po q15min until symptoms resolve to max of 5 doses over 1 h

35
Q

Meclizine

A

25-50 mg po 1 h before departure, may repeat q24h prn (max 50 mg qd)

36
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

50-100 mg po 30 min before departure, may repeat q4-6h prn (max of 400 mg qd)

37
Q

Alpha-d-galactosidase (Beano)

A

300-450 units PO before meals (chewable tablets)

300 units PO before meals (orally disintegrating tablets)

38
Q

Simethicone (Gas-X)

A

40-360mg PO QID PC and HS PRN (max 500mg/day)

39
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Apply to affected area as needed up to four times a day

40
Q

Emetrol (phosphorated carbohydrates)

A

Adults: one or two tablespoonsful every 15 min until nausea subsides
Children: one or two teaspoonsful every 15 min until nausea subsides

41
Q

Witch hazel 50% (Tucks pads)

A

Apply to affected area as needed up to six times a day; after bowel movements

Astringent

42
Q

Phenylephrine 0.25% (Preparation- H ointment or suppository)

A

Apply to affected area or insert 1 suppository as needed up to four times a day

Vasoconstrictor

BEWARE OF HTN

43
Q

Medications for Hemorrhoids

A

Vasoconstrictor
Corticosteroid
Vasoconstrictor

44
Q

Medications for Intestinal Gas

A

Simethicone (Gas-X)

a-d-Galactosidase (Beano)

45
Q

Hydroquinone/Mequinol

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

46
Q

Azelaic Acid

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

Melanocyte antiproliferation/cytotoxic

47
Q

Retinoids

A

Reduction in melanosome transfer

Increased keratinocyte turnover

48
Q

Kojic Acid

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

Interaction with copper

49
Q

Glycolic Acid

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

Increased keratinocyte turnover

50
Q

Alpha-arbutin

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

51
Q

Niacinamide

A

Reduction in melanosome transfer

52
Q

Licorice Extract

A

Tyrosinase Inhibition

53
Q

Hydroquinone 2%

A

Treats hyperpigmentation
QD or BID PRN
Refer to MD if not change in3 months

54
Q

solar Lentigines (age spots

A

tan to dark brown macules on sun exposed areas

Usually on lighter skin

55
Q

Maturational hyperpigmentation (dyschromia)

A

darkening on lateral aspects of face due to chronic sun exposure
usually on darker skins or people with diabetes

56
Q

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

A

darkening of skin after injury/inflammation

57
Q

Melasma

A

facial hyperpigmentation on sun exposed areas, often associate with hormonal changes

58
Q

Salicylic Acid

A

o SA17% in colloidon vehicle; QD-BID up to 12 weeks
o SA 12-40% plaster/pad; apply after 48 hrs repeat PRN 12 weeks
o SA 14% plaster in k g-g vehicle; apply for 8hr repeat q24h for 12 weeks

59
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Repeat after 10 days prn up to 3 treatments

60
Q

Minoxidil (Rogaine) 2% or 5%

A

1x/day or BID

5% suggested for males
2% or 5% for females
Must use for minimum 4 months

PHAR 501 (3 decks)

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