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Couples Counseling > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of attachment

A

Secure- deal and feel

Anxious- feel but not deal

Avoiding- deal but not feel

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2
Q

Attachment behavioral system

A

An evolved proximity regulator

Exploratory BS (gives us info about the workings of our environment)

Fear BS (alerts individual to stimuli that are not inherently dangerous but increase the likelihood of danger)

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3
Q

Attachment figures for children

A

Ones who are most responsive to crying and to interact socially

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4
Q

Attachment figures for Adults

A

Those who are most responsive to anxiety/fear and to social interaction

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5
Q

Secure Attachment style

A

As kids:

Seems confident that parent is accessible and responsive
Is competent, exploration oriented, and affectingly positive.

Soothes easily. , shows empathy early, communicates clearly about feelings, solves problems effectively,

As Adults:

Easily share, is easy to smooth, receives and gives easily and transparently

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6
Q

Anxious attachment style

A

Kids: more crying, seperation anxiety, and anger. Lacks confidence parent will be accessible and responsive. Vigilance and preoccupation interfere with exploration. Attatchment behavior has now threshold for activation. Fussy, angry, immature.

Adults: clingy, anxious, amplify emotions, need lots of reassurance, more visibly transparent. Feel fear at any sign of threat, complain about partner being too insensitive and distant

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7
Q

Avoidant type

A

Kid: Cries relatively little during seperation and avoids parent upon return, engages in displacement exploratory activities

Adult: value independence, zipped up, keep things to the self. Tend not to pick up queues around them. Facial expressions are inhibited. Move to activities and things over people, complain about partner being too needy.

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8
Q

Parental style for anxious attachment

A

Fearful patent who amplifies situations

Parent is easily overwhelmed and over protective of the child

World is not safe, keep close to me

Parent is anxious and uncertain making them insensitive to child’s signals

“World is not safe”

Controlling and want to keep kids close

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9
Q

Parenting style for Avoidant Attachment

A

Parent was emotionally and physically distant, especially when it came to need and big emotions

Parent punished children for needing through criticism and withdrawal

Parent neglects child, doesn’t monitor and doesn’t evaluate danger well

Parental rejection, coolness, discomfort with own or others motion and physical contact

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10
Q

Degrees of proximity seeking in an attachment relationship

A
  1. Condition of the person such as illness, fatigue, hunger, pain
  2. Condition of the environment such as presence of threatning stimuli
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11
Q

Attachment patterns in adulthood

A

Secure (low avoidance low anxiety)

Dismissing avoidant (high avoidance low anxiety)

Fearful avoidant (high avoidance, high anxiety)

Preoccupied (low avoidance high anxiety)

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12
Q

Attachment style diagram

A

Signs of threat? If its a no it activates other behavioral systems, if YES attachment system is activated, leading to checking if the attachment figure is available

If they ARE available, the attachment is secure and distress is alleviated,

If the are NOT available, there’s insecurity, compounding distress leading to proximity seeking

If proximity seeking IS viable there’s hyperactivating strategies

If proximity seeking is NOT viable, there’s deactivating strategies

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13
Q

Three primary attachment needs

A

Protection

Comfort

Pleasure

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14
Q

Preoccupied attachment style characteristics

A

Internal working model with negative few of self and positive view of others

High anxiety and high dependence on others

Invest in relationships they shouldn’t

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15
Q

Fearful Avoident Attachment characteristics

A

Negative views of both self and others, fear vulnerability in intimacy. Anticipate others as hurtful and that they dont deserve to be treated well due to their perceived short comings

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16
Q

Dismissive Avoidant attachment characteristics

A

Positive view of self and negative view of others. Little if any value in intimacy, counter dependent in their relationships, choose independence over interdependence.

17
Q

Secure attachment characterstics

A

Positive view of self and of others, are comfortable with intimacy or autonomy

18
Q

Projective identification

A

Re-enactment sequence in which unresolved themes are played out between partners.

When one person attributes an unwanted aspect of self to another person

This is usually done when attempts to differentiate self and object become complicated and its a differentiating process

In couples, the aspect of self is projected from one person to the other person, then the subject tries to control the projected aspect of the self in the object.

By attempting to control the subjects betray that at some level they are aware that it is a part of themselves they are projecting

19
Q

Splitting

A

A defense mechanism that influences cognition and mood.

Keeping apart contradictory experiences of self and of significant others

All good or all bad, heroes and villains

20
Q

Basic components of object relations theory

A

People relate to others and situations in their adult lives in a way that is shaped by family experiences during infancy

This includes mirroring, idealizing, twinning that happens with a self object who fills a vital function for the self in the form of an external person

An object is a person, place, thing, idea etc with emotional energy invested in it

21
Q

Using countertransference in couples therapy

A

Therapists personal response to a couple

Suggests that the nature of the work provokes in the the therapist a response that has more to do with the patients than the therapists unfinished business

Allows therapists to see their responses as a form of communication that emanates from the couple

“A kind of projective identification where a therapist is stimulated to “know” a theme that the couple cannot articulate but need to have understood.

22
Q

Defenses in couples therapy

A

Splitting and projective identification

23
Q

Parts of the brain

A

Limbic brain ( feel, remember, interact with others)

Reptilian brain (survive, react, repeat)

Neocortex (talk, think, move, create, learn)

24
Q

Brain stem

A

Autonomic, fully formed in the womb

Has all the automatic functions like heart rate, swallowing consciousness

25
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory and learning

Vital for conscious, logical, and cooperative social functioning

Has direct connection to Cortex so you use it to learn

Matures MUCH later than their amygdala making it very vulnerable to developmental disruption

Partly responsible for EXPLICIT memory and how we make a cohesive narrative

HAS THE POWER OF DISCRIMINATION. Can review memories to make inferences of new situations

26
Q

Amygdala

A

Flight or fight, primitive executive brain

Fully developed in eighth month of gestation

EMOTIONAL center, as well as soocial pressings

Evolved to store negative associations on a permanent basis

Appraises danger, safety and familiarity

FAST BRAIN, .5 seconds faster than cortex

Veto power over cortex when activated

Temporarily activates in stress, chronically activated during complex trauma

27
Q

Effects of amygdala activation in relationship

A

Increased sensitivity to threat and perceptual errors (partners errors feel threatening and intentional)

Sub-cortical defenses fight, flight, flee, feign

Increased rigidity and unpredictability

Lowers glucose and oxygen we need to function in high cortical areas

28
Q

5 primary functions of of limbic system

A

So this is hippocampus and Amygdala

Memory
Motivation (inclination to explore)
Emotion
Meaning 
Relationships

Amygdala is generalizer, hippocampus is the descriminator. When amygdala is activated the hippocampus is deactivated

29
Q

Cortex

A

Outer bark of the brain, its executive hub

VERY under developed at birth

Not fully developed until mid 20’s

Allows us to think, imagine and create and helps regulate the other systems

Plans complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior

Developed optimally through secure attachment

30
Q

9 functions of pre-frontal cortex

A

Balance (sympathetic and parasympathetic responses)

Attuned communication (cue from others)

Emotion- regulates amygdala emotions

Response flexibility- waiting before acting

Insight (me map)

Empathy (you map)

Fear (manages amaydala fear response)

Intuition (wisdom into awareness)

Morality (what is good for larger good)

DEVELOPED THRU SECURE ATTACHMENT

31
Q

Right himsphere

A

Developes quickly in firs 18 mos of life and encodes implicitly memory based on primary attachment relationships

Throughout life looks to attachment relationships for emotional regulation and for development of self

Controls very high (terror) and very low (shame) levels fo emotion

LANGUAGE is fearful and negative in tone.

“Houses” unresolved traumatic experiences and implicit attachment negative experiences

32
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Later evolving, starts to shift when kids become verbal and learn large motor skills

Focus on verbal language, self awareness

Thinking that is linear, logical, linguestic

More positive in tone

When its in charge we are calm and and approach

HOUSES resolved experiences that are intergrated into cohesive life narrative

33
Q

How do past experiences influence brain activities in relationships

A

Can work out of right hemisphere if new experiences are similar to unresolved trauma, so the traumas need to be resolved and moved into left brain to do with current relational problems

34
Q

Neural integration

A

Brain top to bottom (integrating the functions of the brain stem, the limbic system, and the cortex) and right to left (integrating the functions of the right and left brain)

35
Q

Matryoshka effect

A

A couple’s relationship is immersed in a surge of “old” responses wired in from childhood relationship

Amygdalas get fired up and they are playing out “old” problems of their younger selves, often they dont know and both respond defensively hurting each other

36
Q

Misappraisal

A

Insecure attachment formation creatinmg biases in memory leading to more errors in perception and appraisal when under threat.

Many of these fears are not encoded linguistically and by the time they come to therapy both people have automated responses to threats firmly entrenched

ANXIOUS ATTACK< COLD WITHDRAWL> FREEZING

Withrawl, pursue pattern

Couples Counseling (3 decks)

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