Exam #2

Question 1

strict domination

Answer 1

no amount of satisfaction of lower-ranked constraints can make up for a violation of a high-ranked violation

Question 2

what is the constituency of a syllable?

Answer 2

adjunct, onset, nucleus, coda, rhyme, appendix

Question 3

What is the sonority sequencing principle

Answer 3

a universal principle of language but its

application is language specific

Question 4

what is the minimal distance?

Answer 4

there must be a minimal difference between the sonorities of two sounds in a syllable onset in order for that onset to be viable

Question 5

For which types of clusters is it relevant? (minimal distance)

Answer 5

stops < fricatives
l < r
vowels high < low

Question 6

What is syllable weight?

Answer 6

Syllables can be divided into light and heavy depending on language-specific requirements

Question 7

light syllable

Answer 7

has no coda and a short vowel

Question 8

heavy syllable

Answer 8

has a heavy vowel (a long vowel or a dipthong)

Question 9

open syllable

Answer 9

has no coda

Question 10

closed syllable

Answer 10

has a coda

Question 11

1 headness of feet

Answer 11

Head in the stressed syllable of a foot

Question 12

2 Bounded or unbounded (of foot)

Answer 12

whether there are more than two syllables per foot

Question 13

3 Directionality of footing

Answer 13

How are feet built

Question 14

4 Exhaustiveness of footing

Answer 14

if you have a word grouping syllables and you have a syllable left over

Question 15

5 Headedness of metrical word

Answer 15

where is the primary stress

Question 16

6 Quantity sensitive

Answer 16

does the language stress heavy syllables

Question 17

7 Extrametricality

Answer 17

does the language ignore one syllable for the purpose of stress assignment?

Question 18

8 line conflation

Answer 18

parameters are independent

Question 19

How are syllables, feet, and metrical words hierarchically organised

Answer 19

look at the graph

Question 20

If foot is iambic

Answer 20

when second syllable is the stressed one, it’s weak to strong

Question 21

if foot is trochaic

Answer 21

when the first syllable is the stressed one

Question 22

what is the degenerate foot

Answer 22

it’s a single foot and is exhaustive

Question 23

how might stress clashes be resolved?

Answer 23

if the stressed syllable is by a non-stressed syllable, then you take out the star for the non stressed

Question 24

ultimate meaning

Answer 24

stress on the final syllable

Question 25

ultimate meaning

Answer 25

stress on the final syllable

Question 26

penultimate meaning

Answer 26

next to last syllable

Question 27

antepenultimate

Answer 27

third from last syllable

Question 28

what are some reasons we use optimality theory

Answer 28

1) lots of similar rules co-occur across languages
2) children acquire rules not in their target language
3) we need both rules and constraints
4) conspiracy

Question 29

what are conspiracies

Answer 29

multiple rules that work together for the same purpose

Question 30

What advantages does optimality theory have over rule-based phonology

Answer 30

1) lots of similar rules co-occur across languages

4) conspiracy

Question 31

Context-sensitive markedness

Answer 31

bans a structure in a specific environment

Question 32

context-free markedness

Answer 32

bans a marked structure everywhere

Question 33

faithfulness

Answer 33

requires the input and output to be identical in some respect

Question 34

How do you determine how many possible rankings are there

Answer 34

3!=3x2x1

Question 35

inventory constraint

Answer 35

Context-free M > Context-sensitive M, Faithfulness

Question 36

full contrast

Answer 36

Faithfulness > all markedness

Question 37

allophonic distribution

Answer 37

context-sensitive M > context-free M > Faithfulness

Question 38

positional neutralization

Answer 38

context-sensitive M > faithfulness > Context-free M