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World History 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ottomon Empire

A

northern Asia Minor

Muslim empire of the turks

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2
Q

Seljuk

A
  • a Turkish Dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

- defend the Holy Land during the Crusades

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3
Q

Constantinople

A
  • Historic city, port, & former capitol

- Istanbul, Turkey

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4
Q

Advantage of Constantinople’s site

A
  • commanded the waterways btw Mediterranean & Black Sea

- strategically located for commercial and political influence

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5
Q

Justinian

A

-Byzantine king
-tactics: defensive on the
East, offensive in the
West
-reconquered North Africa
-short-lived success

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6
Q

iconoclast controversy background

A
  • icons were religious images used to foster worship

- people tried to destroy all icons to get rid of idolotry

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7
Q

Periods of Byzantine history

A

Expansion
Peril
Recovery
Disintegration

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8
Q

what signaled the Turkish domination of the Middle-East

A

Seljuk Turks’ victory at Manzikert

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9
Q

how long did the byzantine empire last

A

1,000 years

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10
Q

Reasons for Byzantine endurance

A
  • possessed a diversified money economy
  • advanced military science (Greek Fire)
  • centralized administration by a divine right ruler
  • Orthodox Church and state were closely tied
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11
Q

Caesaropapism

A

Patriarch appointed by an emperor

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12
Q

Eastern Orthodox Church

A

family of 13 churches

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13
Q

When/How did the Eastern and Western Churches split

A

Great Schism

4th Crusade brought complete separation

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14
Q

theological authority in 3 main branches of Christianity

A

Orthodox: pneumatic
approach
RCC: spiritual authority in tradition, Pope, and Scripture
Protestantism: spiritual authority in the inerrant word of God (sola scriptura)

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15
Q

distinctions btw Catholic church

A

Old- each bishop is equal

Roman- Bishop of Rome is over the others

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16
Q

What brought an upsurge in the Papacy’s rise/position

A

barbarian invasions

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17
Q

Why does the Pope claim supreme authority

A

Petrine theory

Apostolic succession

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18
Q

how many popes have there been

A

266

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19
Q

How many members of the RCC?

A

1/5 of the world

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20
Q

ex-cathedra

A

the pope possesses divine authority equal to that of Scripture

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21
Q

divisions of RCC history

A

dissemination
decline
domination
decline

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22
Q

Clovis

A

King of Franks

expanded domain via conquest

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23
Q

Gregory the 1st

A
  • aqueducts repaired
  • promoted clerical celibacy
  • gave tradition equality with scripture
  • mass signified Christ anew
  • doctrine of purgatory
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24
Q

7 Sacraments

A 
Baptism
Holy Eucharist
Penance
Confirmation
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Extreme Unction
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25
Q

Baptism

A
  • infant is given a Christian name
  • water poured on forehead
  • washes away sin of Adam
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26
Q

What is the purpose of the sacraments?

A
  • to make interactions btw people and God regular, systematic, and controlled during an age of mass illiteracy
  • church becomes necessary mediator
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27
Q

What is the heart of the Mass worship service

A

Holy Eucharist/ communion

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28
Q

Holy Orders

A

priests are sanctioned for their work and given the ability to remit sin by a bishop

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29
Q

Relics

A

a religious object associated with a religious leader that is believed to have supernatural power

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30
Q

Christendom

A

Church and State put together

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31
Q

Curia

A
  • College of Cardinals

- decides next pope

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32
Q

Primogeniture

A

the right of an eldest son to succeed the estate of his father at the exclusion of all his other siblings

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33
Q

Simony

A

the buying and selling of spiritual or church benefits

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34
Q

Who was credited with saving Christendom

A

Charles Martel when he defeated an Islamic army at tours

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35
Q

Who was Charlemagne the son of

A

Pepin

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36
Q

Who was Pepin the son of

A

Charles Martel

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37
Q

How did Pepin become king

A

deposed the last Merovingian king

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38
Q

What did Pepin do for the Pope

A

he gave the pope territory which later became the Papal states

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39
Q

Charlemagne’s Empire

A
  • had a strong central empire & maintained control through county officials
  • enlisted traveling inspectors
  • result: law & order enforced
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40
Q

What was the nucleus of the Carolingian Renaissance

A

the palace school that Charlemagne started at Aachen

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41
Q

Why was Europe in a decline in 900

A
  • population decreases
  • food shortages
  • declines in trade and education
42
Q

What three peoples were attacking Europe?

A

Vikings
Muslims
Magyars

43
Q

Where are Vikings from

A

Scandinavia

  • Norway
  • Sweden
  • Denmark
44
Q

Where did Vikings like to attack?

A
  • England

- monastaries/churches

45
Q

Who sacked Rome in 846

A

Muslims

46
Q

What was the low point of the moral decline of the RCC

A

reign of John XII

47
Q

Feudalism

A
  • a decentralized political relationship

- designed to avoid anarchy

48
Q

Where are the Magyars from?

A

western asia

49
Q

What were the two classes in medieval society

A
  • nobility/clergy

- serfs

50
Q

manorialism

A

an economic relationship btw nobles and serfs

51
Q

Where was the Holy Roman Empire

A

German states and northern Italy

52
Q

William the Conqueror

A

defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings for the English throne

53
Q

investiture

A

the claim of kings/rulers to appoint bishops and abbots

54
Q

Pope Urban II

A
  • called the Council of Clement to protect the Holy Sepulcher from Muslim attack
  • promised the crusaders salvation
55
Q

First Crusade

A

-only true militarily successful crusade
-Peasants’ crusade: mobs destroyed villages & committed
Anti-Semetic atrocities
-Crusade of Princes: took Jerusale

56
Q

Second Crusade

A

killed Jews (Rhineland) and pillaged Byzantine Empire

57
Q

Third Crusade

A

happened after Saladin proclaimed Jihad and took Jerusalem

58
Q

Fourth Crusade

A
  • crusaders contracted with Venice to sail them to Egypt

- attacked Constantinople when promises weren’t met

59
Q

Results of the Crusades

A
  • Promoted the rise of towns and trade bc trade routs were established and new markets opened
  • undermined the feudal aristocracy and strengthened monarchs
  • Increased conflict btw Eastern and Western churches
  • Left behind a long-standing legacy of bitterness within the Muslim community
60
Q

Interdict

A

closed churches in a geographical area

forbade the celebrating of mass

61
Q

Inquisition

A

church court for the persecution of heresy

62
Q

Friar

A

Latin for brother

63
Q

Dominican Friars

A

devoted to preaching and known for their scholarship and intellectual persuasion

64
Q

Franciscan Friars

A

moved among the people ministering to needs, preaching, and teaching in schools

65
Q

Pope Innocent III

A
  • most powerful pope

- claimed authority to rule the whole world

66
Q

King John

A
  • lost battles/land to the French
  • lost the ability to appoint bishops
  • collected dues illegally
  • forced by revolting nobles to sign the Magna Carta
67
Q

The Magna Carta

A

the king must observe all feudal rights/priveleges

68
Q

Parliament

A
  • began bc the king wanted to build popular consensus

- Power of the Purse

69
Q

Unam Sanctum

A

issued by Pope Boniface VIII

no salvation outside of the RCC

70
Q

diff btw guilds

A

merchant guilds-regulate commerce

craft guilds-regulated prefessions

71
Q

Scholasticism

A
  • cathedral schools were the center of theological activity

- sought to determine through deductive logic what they knew to be true by faith

72
Q

greatest of the scholastics

A

Thomas Aquinas

harmonize revelation with reason

73
Q

What are the large muslim coutries

A

Indonesia, the Middle East, Pakistan, North Africa

74
Q

Hadith

A

report of the words and deeds of Muhammad

75
Q

Sunnah

A

established custom, precedent, conduct, and tradition based on Muhammad’s example

76
Q

Shariah

A

God’s eternal and immutable will for humanity

Quran+Sunnah

77
Q

Sunni

A
  • majority
  • community picks leaders
  • Muhammad’s spiritual gifts dies with him
78
Q

Shiah

A
  • only family can lead

- Muhammad’s family still have gifts

79
Q

Kabba

A

shrine in Mecca made by Abraham

80
Q

Hegira

A

Muhammad travels to Medina escaping assassination plots

81
Q

Caliph

A

leader of Muslim community

82
Q

Umayyad Muslim dynasty

A

Ali is challenged for Caliph and eventually asssassinated

83
Q

Abbasid Muslim dynasty

A

moved Capitol from Damascus to Baghdad

84
Q

Black Death

A
  • bubonic and pneumonic plagues
  • started in Mongolia
  • major point of entry was ports of Sicily
  • episodic
85
Q

Result of black death

A

production of food and goods plummeted

86
Q

responses to Black Death

A
  • Judgement: thought to be God judgin sin
  • conspiracy: Jews were accused of poisoning water supply
  • appeasement: some sought a purging by flogging themselves
87
Q

Patronage

A

certain church offices were reserved for the papacy to fill

88
Q

Absenteeism

A

receive income from an office but never fill it

89
Q

Great Western Schism

A

two popes at the same time

Clement vs. Urban

90
Q

Solution to the Great Western Schism

A

Conciliar movement: accepting the notion that a universal council had more authority than the pope

91
Q

Pisa Council & Coucnil of Constance

A

removed both popes

92
Q

John Wycliffe

A

translated first English Bible

93
Q

cause of the Hundred Years’ War

A

sovereignty: English king claimed the French throne

94
Q

What are the phases of the 100 years’ war

A

English Success
French Recovery
French Disunity & English Victories
French Victory

95
Q

result of 100 years’ war

A

increased nationalism

96
Q

Humanism

A

school of thought emphasizing the importance of man

97
Q

Secularism

A

emphasis on things of the earthly world

98
Q

How did the de Medici fam make money

A

banking

99
Q

Girolamo Savonarola

A
  • led a revolt in Florence

- preached against papal immorality

100
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A
  • Dutch Scholar
  • Prince of Humanists
  • produced new Greek translation of NT

World History 1 (6 decks)

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