exam 2 Flashcards
rhetoric
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
inartistic
external evidence- the speaker doesn’t create
artistic
internal proofs that contain logos ethos and pathos
golden mean
develops habits that avoid extremes ( best way to persuade others)
dramastic pentad
a tool critics can use to find the motive behind the message
- act
- scene
- agent
- agency
- purpose
act
what was done
scene
environmental forces
agent
a person who acts
agency
power in the speech
purpose
the goal the speaker wants to achieve
god terms
powerful terms that are viewed positively in a society
example: facts, history, etc
devil terms
powerfully evocative terms viewed negatively in a society
example: ignorance
perspective by incongruity
calling attention to a truth by linking two dissonant or discrepant terms
mortification
a feeling of shame or humiliation
identification
the common ground between speaker and audience
audience analysis
considering the characteristics of ones listeners when preparing a speech.
etymology
the history of a word
topic pattern
a pattern of organizing the main points of a speech to represent different categories
time pattern
a pattern of organizing the main points of a speech in chronological order
space pattern
a pattern of organizing the main points of a speech according to areas
rule of subordination
a rule of speech organization specifying that some concepts in the speech are more important than others
rule of division
a rule of speech organization specifying that if a point is divided into subpoints, it must have at least two subpoints
rule of parallel structure
a rule of speech organization specifying that all points and subpoints in an outline.
visualization
mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation
desensitization
confronting frightening situations directly to reduce the stress they cause
canons of rhetoric
principle divisions of the art of persuasion established by ancient rhetoricians
- invention
- arrangement
- style
- memory
- delivery
what is rhetoric
faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion - aristotle
3 invention traditions
- technical (how you craft rhetoric)
- philosophical (rhetoric and virtue to create)
- sophistic (truth is relative. beautiful, ornate language)
invention 1
ethos logos pathos
invention 2
defintion, comparison, cause/effect, circumstance, correlation, abduction
vested interest
inherent motivation to pay attention
preview transition
alerts listeners that a speaker is about to shift to a new topic
summary transition
briefly remind listeners of points already made
signposting
single words/phrases that distinguish one point in a presentation from another and help listeners follow the speakers plan
thesis
overall topic or opinion
purpose statement
declaration of specific goals
figures of speech
words used in unusual ways
alliteration, assonance, hyperbole, onomatopoeia
figures of thought
symbolic structure that changes meaning of words used
irony, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche
