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GSU Human Communications > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-6

1
Q

relativism

A

idea that truth is relative to standards of a given culture

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2
Q

moral subjectivism

A

moral opinions are subjective

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3
Q

argument

A

presents consideration for accepting a claim

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4
Q

belief bias

A

tendency to evaluate reasoning by believability of its conclusion

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5
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency to attach more weight to evidence that supports our viewpoint

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6
Q

heuristics

A

gen earl rules we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities

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7
Q

availability heuristic

A

unconsciously assigning probability on basis of how often you think of that event

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8
Q

false consensus effect

A

inclination we may have to assume our attitudes and those others have are shared by society at large

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9
Q

relational needs

A

essential elements we look for in our relationships with other people

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10
Q

instrumental needs

A

communicating to meet practical every day needs

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11
Q

action model

A

communication as a one way process

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12
Q

encode

A

put an idea into language

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13
Q

interaction model

A

describes communication as a process shaped by feedback and context

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14
Q

transaction model

A

describes communication as a process in which everyone is simultaneously sender and receiver

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15
Q

content dimension

A

literal info thats communicated by a message

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16
Q

relational dimension

A

signals about the relationship in which a message is being communicated

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17
Q

metacommunication

A

communication about communication

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18
Q

interpersonal communication

A

communication with yourself

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19
Q

interpersonal communication

A

communication with 2 people in context of their relationship

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20
Q

cognitive complex

A

ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways

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21
Q

infinite generativity

A

ability to produce endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words/rules

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22
Q

phonology

A

sound system of a language

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23
Q

morphology

A

units of meaning involved in word formation

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24
Q

syntax

A

way words are combined

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25
Q

semantics

A

meaning of words and sentences

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26
Q

pragmatics

A

appropriate use of language in different contexts

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27
Q

telegraphic speech

A

short/precise words without grammatical markers (ex: articles)

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28
Q

fast mapping

A

helps explain how young children learn connection between words and referent so quickly

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29
Q

whole language approach

A

reading instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning

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30
Q

phonics approach

A

reading should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds

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31
Q

broca’s area

A

area of the brain’s left frontal lobe that’s involved in language comprehension

32
Q

wernicke’s area

A

area of the brain’s left hemisphere that’s involved in language comprehension

33
Q

aphasia

A

loss or impairment of language processing as a result of damage to Broca’s or wernicke’s area

34
Q

child directed speech

A

higher pitch and simple words

35
Q

recasting

A

rephrasing something a kid said

36
Q

expanding

A

restate what the kid said

37
Q

labeling

A

identify name of object

38
Q

6 characteristics of nonverbal communication

A
  1. present in most communication context
  2. often conveys more info than verbal
  3. usually believed over verbal
  4. primary means of expressing emotion
  5. it metacommunicates
  6. serves multiple functions
39
Q

immediacy behaviors

A

nonverbal signs of affection

40
Q

oculesics

A

study of eye behavior

41
Q

gesticulation

A

use of arm and hand movements to communicate

42
Q

emblems

A

gestures with direct verbal translation (ex.- waving hello)

43
Q

illustrators

A

gestures that go with words in order to clarify

44
Q

affect displays

A

communicates emotion (ex- wring hands when nervous)

45
Q

regulators

A

control the flow of conversation (ex- raise hands)

46
Q

adapters

A

satisfy person need (ex- itch)

47
Q

haptics

A

study of sense of touch

48
Q

vocalics

A

characteristics of voice that communicates meaning

49
Q

paralanguage

A

vocalic behaviors that communicate meaning along with verbal behavior

50
Q

olfactics

A

study of sense of smell

51
Q

proxemics

A

study of use of space

52
Q

halo effect

A

predisposition to attribute positive qualities to attractive people

53
Q

artifacts

A

objects/ visual features that reflect person’s identity preferences

54
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

draws people together

55
Q

social attraction

A

attracted to someone’s personality

56
Q

task attraction

A

attracted to person’s ability

57
Q

uncertainty reduction theory

A

people find uncertainty unpleasant, so that’s why we get to know one another

58
Q

social exchange theory

A

people seek to maintain relationships where benefits outweigh costs

59
Q

comparison level

A

expectation of what one wants and what they think they deserve in a relationship

60
Q

comparison level for alternatives

A

assessment of how much better or worse current relationship is compared to other options

61
Q

equity theory

A

good relationships = ratio of cost/benefits is equal to partner’s

62
Q

relational maintenance behaviors theory

A

primary behaviors people use to maintain relationships

63
Q

social penetration theory

A

depth and breadth of self disclosure help us learn about a person

  • breadth= range of topics
  • depth= how intimate/personal
64
Q

norm of reprocity

A

social expectation that favors should be reciprocated

65
Q

conflict management strategies

A
  • avoiding
  • accommodating
  • compromising
  • competing
  • collaborating
66
Q

demand withdraw pattern

A

one partner makes demands and the other partner responds by withdrawing

67
Q

low context cultures

A

people are to be direct and say what you mean

68
Q

high context culture

A

speak in an indirect and inexplicit way

69
Q

low power distance culture

A

people believe no one person or group should have excessive power

70
Q

high power distance culture

A

certain groups have far greater power than average citizen

71
Q

monochromic culture

A

view time as a commodity

72
Q

polychronic culture

A

time is fluid, holistic, infinite

73
Q

uncertainty avoidance

A

people try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, unpredictable

74
Q

ethnocentrism

A

tendency to judge other’s culture’s practices as inferior to one’s own

75
Q

code switch

A

switch between jargon and plain language in order to be understood by others

GSU Human Communications (2 decks)

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