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Biology 2 Lecture > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

why are most bryophytes less than 10cm tall? (why do they grow close to the ground?)

A

They have conducting cells instead of tracheids.

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2
Q

The development of tracheids (that form xylem) helped land plants do what?

A

Grow to very large sizes

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3
Q

What generation is the large fern found?

A

sporophyte **?

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4
Q

A waxy cuticle helps prevent dessication . What is the cost of this adaptation?

A

reduced gas permeability

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5
Q

Plants lacking well developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts and homworts have been collectively called

A

Bryophytes

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6
Q

well developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except?

A

pterophytes

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7
Q

The dominant stage in the life cycle of a tracheophyte (vascular) plants is the …

A

sporophyte generation.

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8
Q

Plants as well as brown, green and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves alternation of generations between a(n)

A

sporophyte and a gametophyte.

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9
Q

The gametophyte is green, larger (than the sporophyte) and nutritionally independent in…

A

mosses, liverworts, and ferns.

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10
Q

To reproduce sexually, bryophytes (non-vascular plants) require

A

water

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11
Q

in tracheophytes plants, water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots to other areas of the plant by…

A

xylem

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12
Q

The most abundant group of seedless vascular (tracheophytes) plants are the …

A

ferns

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13
Q

Select the best answer to complete the following statement. Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of …

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor

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14
Q 
A bryologist (a scientist that studies mosses and their allies) gives a lecture your biology class.  In her lecture she makes a reference to fern. ** 
She says "fern spores germinate (grow) into..."
A

gametophytes, which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate

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15
Q

Are any of these vegetables actually fruit?

A

corn

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16
Q

What part of the flower are fruits derived from?

A

ovaries

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17
Q

Double fertilization occurs when …

A

one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei

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18
Q

Petals

A

attract pollinators

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19
Q

A botanist examines 2 plants. Plant A has large colorful petals. Plant B has extremely tiny white flowers. Which one is most likely animal pollinated ?

A

Plant A

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20
Q

Pollen comes from the..

A

anther

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21
Q

Double fertilization produces a _____ embryo and a _____ endosperm.

A

diploid, triploid

22
Q

A mutation prevents division of the generative cell for the male gametophyte in a flowering plant. Where would this mutation most likely manifest itself?
(Remember where the generative cells germinates, which part of the flower does the pollen tube form?)

A

Style

23
Q

All members of the Anthophyta have …

A

ovules enclosed in carpels.

24
Q

Why is external water not essential for fertilization ins seed plants?

A

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal

25
Q

Which part of the seed is responsible for providing nutrition to the embryo?

A

Endosperm

26
Q

What does it mean if a plant is dioecious?

A

There are separate male and female sporophytes

27
Q

Pollen Tubes

A

allow sperm to fertilize the egg

28
Q

Due to their pinnately compound leaves, tropical habitat, and overall appearance, which gymnosperm phylum are often thought of as a type of palm?
(which is actually a flowering plant)

A

Cycadophyta

29
Q

Why are conifers and cycads considered gymnosperms ?

A

The female gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination

30
Q

The seed coat is formed by the hardening of the…

A

integument

31
Q

Based on the number of species, the most successful current extant phylum of plants is the…

A

Anthophyta

32
Q

Alexander flemming kept finding mold contamination that was killing his bacterial cultures. This observation eventually led to the development of the antibiotic penicillin. Why would fungus produce a compound that is selectively toxic to bacteria?

A

Fungi compete with bacteria for resources.

33
Q

Many antibacterial antibiotic interfere with protein synthesis of bacteria (prokaryotes) Why would these not be a good target for anti- fungal drugs?
(remember fungi are eukaryotes)

A

Human and fungal ribosomes are extremely similar to each other

34
Q

In what way are bacteria and fungi similar?

A

Ecological function

35
Q

Which molecule would be an indicator of fungal contamination in a drug preparation?

A

Chitin

36
Q

Specialized symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi are called ?

A

mycorrhizae

37
Q

A mass of hyphae in an ascomycete is commonly referred to as a(n) …

A

mycelium.

38
Q

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and green algae or a cyanobacterium is called a …

A

lichen.

39
Q

The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides including..

A

chitin

40
Q

The system of fungal filaments (hyphae) that penetrates and grows through the substrate is called a(n)…

A

mycelium

41
Q

All of the following are reproductive structures found in some fungi except…

A

mycorrhiza.

42
Q

Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes takes place by means of …

A

conidia.

43
Q

The fruiting structures formed by secondary mycelia and basidiomycetes are known as …

A

mushrooms

44
Q

The body of a fungus has several characteristics. One of these is their hyphae, long chains of cells .
Which of the following statements best describes what septa and cross walls are?

A

Septa form cross walls between the long chains of cells that make up hyphae

45
Q 
A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses her research on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damaged spruce trees.  She explains that the fungal hyphae of her research organism is heterokaryotic. 
You raise your hand and request that she defines that word.  Her correct response is...
A

heterokaryotic means that the nuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are genetically distinct.

46
Q

Huminant animals (herbivores) have symbiotic fungi which …

A

digest cellulose &lignin

47
Q

How does fungal mitosis differ from human mitosis?

A

The nuclear envelope remains intact in fungal mitosis.

48
Q

Plants are in domain

A

Eukaryote

49
Q

Fungi are in domain

A

Eukaryote

50
Q

Are fungi more closely related to plants or animals?

A

Animals

Biology 2 Lecture (4 decks)

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