EXAM 2 (7-12) Flashcards
Downsizing
the planned elimination of jobs in a company
Job specialization
a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process
Matrix departmentalization
a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional, are used together
unity of command
a management principle that workers should report to just one boss
APEC
a regional trade agreement among Australia, Canada, Chile, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States, and all the members of ASEAN except Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar
line function
an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company’s products
Authority
the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives
Purchasing power
the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries
Functional departmentalization
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise (p. 206)
phased retirement
employees transition to retirement by working reduced hours over a period of time before completely retiring
Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)
a compensation system that awards employees shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation
Interpersonal skills
skills, such as listening, communicating, questioning, and providing feedback, that enable people to have effective working relationships with others
interorganizational process
a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
360-degree feedback
a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves
Departmentalization
subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks
World Trade Organization (WTO)
the successor to GATT; the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations; its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible
reciprocal interdependence
work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner
feedback
the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance
tariff
a direct tax on imported goods
Task identity
the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Job enrichment
increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work
Team level
the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team
Self-designing teams
a team that has the characteristics of self-managing teams but also controls team design, work tasks, and team membership
voluntary export restraints
voluntarily imposed limits on the number or volume of products exported to a particular country