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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Long term memory is dependent on…

A

CREB

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2
Q

When CREB is deleted, long term memory……

A

decreases

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3
Q

When CREB is deleted, short term memory……

A

not really effected

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4
Q

CREB antisense _____ short term memory

A

did nothing

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5
Q

CREB antisense ______ long term memory

A

eliminated

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6
Q

3 genes that are important for memory consolidation that are stimulated by CREB

A

BDNF, ARC, C/EBPBeta

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7
Q

A transcription factor that CREB targets that is important to LTM

A

C/EBPBeta

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8
Q

C/EBPBeta does…..

A

targets experession of mRNA, especially IGF-2

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9
Q

Protien Synthesis Hypothesis of Memory

A

New protein synthesis is required for the consolidation of memories.

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10
Q

What was the problem of anisomycin in inhibiting protein synthesis

A

alters other brain functions

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11
Q

Memory comes in

A

waves

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12
Q

The role of IGF-2 in memory…..

A

is unclear, suggested actin regulation

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13
Q

mTORC1

A

local protein synthesis

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14
Q

mTORC2

A

regulates actin

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15
Q

Active 1-4 hours after exerpiance

A

BDNF, mTOR, pCREB

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16
Q

Active 6-15 hours after exerpiance

A

pCREB, BDNF-mTOR, Arc

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17
Q

Active 15-48 hours after exeripance

A

C/EBPBeta, IGF-2

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18
Q

When PKMzeta is inhibited, you inhibit

A

fear memory

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19
Q

Two major theories of forgetting

A

Interference theory of forgetting, Active Decay

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20
Q

Interferance theory of forgetting

A

new memories overwrite and interfer with old and make it more difficult to recall

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21
Q

Active Decay theory

A

Molecular processes actively degrade the synaptic basis of unsused memories

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22
Q

Basis of the Active Decay Theory

A

Small amounts of Ca enter the cell and internalize AMPA receptors by degrading PKM zeta

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23
Q

Ca that comes into the cell degrades

A

PKM zeta

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24
Q

Behavioral experiances have two independent effects

A

neuronal and hormonal

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25
hormonal activate system in memory are known as the
memory modulators
26
Two primary memory modulateor structures
amygdala and adrenal gland
27
Catacolmines associated with adrenal gland
adrenaline, norepinephrine
28
What portion of the amygdala is the primary modulator
basolateral
29
epinephrene does cross the BB, so it binds to the
vagus nerve
30
Epinephrine then becomes a very important neurotransmitter for ______ because it eventually activates the _____
memory modulation/Amygdala
31
What does NE in the amygdala release
glutmate
32
gulatmate that is released by the amygdala goes where
hippo
33
what does glutamate that is relesed by amygdala actually dod
increase AMPA trafficing
34
active trace theory
memories in the active state are more vulnerable to disruption
35
short term memories are in the _____ state
active
36
long term memories are in the _____ state
inactive
37
reactivating a memory puts it into what state
active
38
recall makes a memory more ____
unstable
39
reactivated memories need to be
reconsilodated
40
episodic memory
extracts content from experiances/facts
41
indexing theory of hippocampal memory
assumes the hippocampus stores an idex of cortical patterns that
42
does the hippocampus store content?
No it recognizes a pattern of cortical activity
43
pattern completion
subset of an experiance can est. a memory trace can activate an entire experiance
44
pattern seperation
similar experiances can be seperated
45
Why aren't memories stored in the neocortex
it would be difficult to separate the memories if that activate similar nodes
46
hippocampus stores the.....
context
47
new memory traces require the ___-
hippocampus
48
do old memory traces require the hippocampus?
no
49
where are old memories stored?
neocortex
50
time frame of celluar conslidation?
hours
51
time frame of system conslidation?
days weeks years
52
Celluar conslidation
biochemical blah blah blah
53
systems conslidation
interaction between the medial temporal hippo and neocortex
54
what type of test did McDonald 1993 use
radial arm maze
55
How did animals know how to navigate the radial arm maze
cogntive map
56
conditioned cue preferance for McDonald 1993
classical conditioned light and dark, time spent in arms
57
primary purpose of McDonald 1993
to determine the role of brain areas in memory tasks
58
Fear organization
Recieves info, Determination of danger, Intiate a response
59
How can the fear system intiate a response
Behavior, horomanal
60
For fear memory, what theory does the data support
competing memory hypothesis
61
What structures mediates the renewal effect of fear?
Hippocampuse
62
Extinction is _____ dependent which is mediated by the ______-
context, hippo
63
perineuronal nets
extracelluar matrix that are responsible for the stablitiy of neurons in the brain
64
when are perinueronal nets the most prominant/
in youth
65
Weak perineuronal nets, ______ fear extinsction
better
66
Gogalla 2009 primary findings
young rats have more PNN than older rats making them better at extinction of fear memeory
67
Methods of Gogalla 2009
Fear Cond---> 2 Day extinction---->Retrival (spontaneous recovery, renewal)
68
Switchs action to habitat
prelimbic pfc
69
Dopamine reinforcement hypothesis
dopamine reinforces the strength of the stimulus response outcome association
70
Dopamine incentive salicence hypothesis
DA adds to the motivtial properties/Urge to do.
71
Primary area of concern in Yin 2004
Dorsal lateral straitum
72
What medaites habit formation?
Dorsal lateral straiatum
73
Yin 2004 did what as methods
Fixed and Radom intervals of lever presses Sugar water Devalued sugar water
74
How does an action become a habit
training
75
Primary goal of McDonald 1993
to determine the types of memory storage in the hippocampus, amygdala, and straitum
76
McDonald 1993- Task they used
Win-shift, Conditioned Cue Preferance, Win Stay task
77
McDonald 1993 Win-shift task test what brain region
Hippocampus
78
McDonald 1993- Conditioned Cue Preferance
Amygdala
79
McDonald 1993- Win stay
Straitum

Psy 511 (2 decks)

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