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Psy 511 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Long term memory is dependent on…

A

CREB

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2
Q

When CREB is deleted, long term memory……

A

decreases

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3
Q

When CREB is deleted, short term memory……

A

not really effected

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4
Q

CREB antisense _____ short term memory

A

did nothing

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5
Q

CREB antisense ______ long term memory

A

eliminated

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6
Q

3 genes that are important for memory consolidation that are stimulated by CREB

A

BDNF, ARC, C/EBPBeta

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7
Q

A transcription factor that CREB targets that is important to LTM

A

C/EBPBeta

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8
Q

C/EBPBeta does…..

A

targets experession of mRNA, especially IGF-2

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9
Q

Protien Synthesis Hypothesis of Memory

A

New protein synthesis is required for the consolidation of memories.

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10
Q

What was the problem of anisomycin in inhibiting protein synthesis

A

alters other brain functions

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11
Q

Memory comes in

A

waves

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12
Q

The role of IGF-2 in memory…..

A

is unclear, suggested actin regulation

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13
Q

mTORC1

A

local protein synthesis

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14
Q

mTORC2

A

regulates actin

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15
Q

Active 1-4 hours after exerpiance

A

BDNF, mTOR, pCREB

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16
Q

Active 6-15 hours after exerpiance

A

pCREB, BDNF-mTOR, Arc

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17
Q

Active 15-48 hours after exeripance

A

C/EBPBeta, IGF-2

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18
Q

When PKMzeta is inhibited, you inhibit

A

fear memory

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19
Q

Two major theories of forgetting

A

Interference theory of forgetting, Active Decay

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20
Q

Interferance theory of forgetting

A

new memories overwrite and interfer with old and make it more difficult to recall

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21
Q

Active Decay theory

A

Molecular processes actively degrade the synaptic basis of unsused memories

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22
Q

Basis of the Active Decay Theory

A

Small amounts of Ca enter the cell and internalize AMPA receptors by degrading PKM zeta

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23
Q

Ca that comes into the cell degrades

A

PKM zeta

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24
Q

Behavioral experiances have two independent effects

A

neuronal and hormonal

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25
Q

hormonal activate system in memory are known as the

A

memory modulators

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26
Q

Two primary memory modulateor structures

A

amygdala and adrenal gland

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27
Q

Catacolmines associated with adrenal gland

A

adrenaline, norepinephrine

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28
Q

What portion of the amygdala is the primary modulator

A

basolateral

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29
Q

epinephrene does cross the BB, so it binds to the

A

vagus nerve

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30
Q

Epinephrine then becomes a very important neurotransmitter for ______ because it eventually activates the _____

A

memory modulation/Amygdala

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31
Q

What does NE in the amygdala release

A

glutmate

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32
Q

gulatmate that is released by the amygdala goes where

A

hippo

33
Q

what does glutamate that is relesed by amygdala actually dod

A

increase AMPA trafficing

34
Q

active trace theory

A

memories in the active state are more vulnerable to disruption

35
Q

short term memories are in the _____ state

A

active

36
Q

long term memories are in the _____ state

A

inactive

37
Q

reactivating a memory puts it into what state

A

active

38
Q

recall makes a memory more ____

A

unstable

39
Q

reactivated memories need to be

A

reconsilodated

40
Q

episodic memory

A

extracts content from experiances/facts

41
Q

indexing theory of hippocampal memory

A

assumes the hippocampus stores an idex of cortical patterns that

42
Q

does the hippocampus store content?

A

No it recognizes a pattern of cortical activity

43
Q

pattern completion

A

subset of an experiance can est. a memory trace can activate an entire experiance

44
Q

pattern seperation

A

similar experiances can be seperated

45
Q

Why aren’t memories stored in the neocortex

A

it would be difficult to separate the memories if that activate similar nodes

46
Q

hippocampus stores the…..

A

context

47
Q

new memory traces require the ___-

A

hippocampus

48
Q

do old memory traces require the hippocampus?

A

no

49
Q

where are old memories stored?

A

neocortex

50
Q

time frame of celluar conslidation?

A

hours

51
Q

time frame of system conslidation?

A

days weeks years

52
Q

Celluar conslidation

A

biochemical blah blah blah

53
Q

systems conslidation

A

interaction between the medial temporal hippo and neocortex

54
Q

what type of test did McDonald 1993 use

A

radial arm maze

55
Q

How did animals know how to navigate the radial arm maze

A

cogntive map

56
Q

conditioned cue preferance for McDonald 1993

A

classical conditioned light and dark, time spent in arms

57
Q

primary purpose of McDonald 1993

A

to determine the role of brain areas in memory tasks

58
Q

Fear organization

A

Recieves info, Determination of danger, Intiate a response

59
Q

How can the fear system intiate a response

A

Behavior, horomanal

60
Q

For fear memory, what theory does the data support

A

competing memory hypothesis

61
Q

What structures mediates the renewal effect of fear?

A

Hippocampuse

62
Q

Extinction is _____ dependent which is mediated by the ______-

A

context, hippo

63
Q

perineuronal nets

A

extracelluar matrix that are responsible for the stablitiy of neurons in the brain

64
Q

when are perinueronal nets the most prominant/

A

in youth

65
Q

Weak perineuronal nets, ______ fear extinsction

A

better

66
Q

Gogalla 2009 primary findings

A

young rats have more PNN than older rats making them better at extinction of fear memeory

67
Q

Methods of Gogalla 2009

A

Fear Cond—> 2 Day extinction—->Retrival (spontaneous recovery, renewal)

68
Q

Switchs action to habitat

A

prelimbic pfc

69
Q

Dopamine reinforcement hypothesis

A

dopamine reinforces the strength of the stimulus response outcome association

70
Q

Dopamine incentive salicence hypothesis

A

DA adds to the motivtial properties/Urge to do.

71
Q

Primary area of concern in Yin 2004

A

Dorsal lateral straitum

72
Q

What medaites habit formation?

A

Dorsal lateral straiatum

73
Q

Yin 2004 did what as methods

A

Fixed and Radom intervals of lever presses
Sugar water
Devalued sugar water

74
Q

How does an action become a habit

A

training

75
Q

Primary goal of McDonald 1993

A

to determine the types of memory storage in the hippocampus, amygdala, and straitum

76
Q

McDonald 1993- Task they used

A

Win-shift, Conditioned Cue Preferance, Win Stay task

77
Q

McDonald 1993 Win-shift task test what brain region

A

Hippocampus

78
Q

McDonald 1993- Conditioned Cue Preferance

A

Amygdala

79
Q

McDonald 1993- Win stay

A

Straitum

Psy 511 (2 decks)

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