Exam 2 Flashcards
What phylum has an endoskeleton, move by tubed feet (water vascular system), typically have external fertilization, most are marine animals
Phylum Echinodermata (spiny skinned)
What class contains Sea Stars/Starfish: typically have a 5-pointed radial symmetry as adults (multiples of 5), free swimming larvae, feed on bivalve mollusks.
Class Asteroidea
What class contains Sand Dollars and Sea Urchins: still have tube feet for movement, 5-point radial symmetry. Sea Urchins have spines all over their body.
Class Echinoidea
What class contains Brittle Stars: can break off their arms and regenerate it later, movement by tube feet. 5-point radial symmetry.
Class Ophiuroidea
What class contains Sea Cucumbers: eat sludge at the bottom of the ocean, 5-point radial symmetry. Some have a unique defense, throwing their intestines and run.
Class Holothuroidea
What class contains Sea Lilies and Feather Stars: Crinoids are extremely common fossils. Stationary ocean animals
Class Crinoidea
What phylum includes chordates, including humans?
Phylum Chordata
What are four primary characteristics of chordates?
Have a Dorsal support rod (notochord), Gill pouches or arches (gills/lower jaws of humans), Hollow dorsal nerve chord (spinal chord), Have, at some stage, a post anal tail.
What subphylum contains Sea Squirts: only because of its larvae
Subphylum Urochordata
What subphylum contains lancelets: they are segmented marine animals that possess elongated bodies with a notochord that extends the length of the body, extending from head to tail, persisting throughout the animal’s life.
Subphylum Cephalochordata
What subphylum contains Vertebrates (Series of segments form over the nerve chord)
Subphylum Vertebrata
What group contains (Jawless Fish), Hag fish: scavengers/eat dead things, they have a mouth like a plunger, extremely slimy. Lampreys: can get 2 feet long, mouth like a plunger with teeth.
Agnatha
What class contains (Fish with skeletons of cartilage/Sharks and such)Scales are pretty much the same as their teeth structurally, sharks are the top predator in the oceans. Sting Rays are like flattened sharks
Class Chondrichthyes
What class contains (Boney Fish) Swim bladder (float), lateral line (pressure detectors), huge economic importance, certain fins that have names: front chest (pectoral), Pelvic, Anal, Dorsal, Caldo fin.
Class Osteichthyes
What class (Start in water and end up on land), reproduce in the water, most go through a metamorphosis, some keep the tails (like salamanders), have moist skin for the most part, Salamanders normally lose their fins and gills, some are still aquatic and only live in the water
Class Amphibia
Distinguish heart chambers
Fish have 2 heart chambers, Amphibians have 3 chambers, Reptiles have 3 with a slight separation, Alligators/Crocodiles/Birds/and all mammals have a full 4 chambered heart.
What class is cold blooded. First full time land vertebrates. Have hard shelled eggs. Some reptiles go to water partly.
Class Reptilia
What class has been around for over 100 million years, have been around since the Dinosaurs. Similar to Theropod dinosaurs. Some feathers are used for decorations, but flight developed well after they were developed for decorations.
Class Aves
often suggested as an intermediate between reptiles and birds, it still had small teeth and claws on its wings. Also had a long lizard like tail with feathers on it.
Archaeopteryx
Another name for warm blooded
Homeothermic
What class contains (Mammals) Warm Blooded, have hair, feed the young on milk, and boney ear parts for specialized hearing. Mammal like dinosaurs existed.
Class Mammalia
What are two mammals that still lay eggs
Monotremes (is an order). Platypus and echidna
What order contains Moles and such that eat insects
Insectavora
What order contains (meat eaters) Lions, bears, dogs, cats, etc…
Carnivora
What order contains (Rodents) Mice, Rats, Chipmunks, Beavers, Porcupines. Have teeth that need to be ground down.
Rodentia
What order contains (Even Toed grazing animals) Cattle, Deer
ARTIODACTYLA
What order contains (Odd toed grazying animals) Horses, Donkeys, Zebras, etc…
Perissodactyla
What order contains (Elephant and elephant typed animals) Elephants are smart animals, extremely good memory.
Proboscides
What order contains (Seals and Sea Lions) Flipper like feet
Pinnipedia
What order contains (Whales and Dolphins) Very intelligent, some of them.
Cetacea
What order contains (Rabbits)
Lagomorpha
What order contains (Bats)
Chiroptera
What order contains (Armadillos, sloths, anteaters) Armadillos carry Leprosy, DON’T KEEP AS PETS.
Xenarthra
What order contains (Apes, Monkeys, Lemurs, Humans) Forward facing eyes (good distance seeing), Grasping hands, not all but most can stand right up, unspecialized on their food. Omnivores. Relatively intelligent. Apes are bigger and don’t have external tails.
Primates
Handy Man, tools but no use of fire.
Homo habilis
Better tools, scavenger typed humans. Bigger brains, and used fires. Cannibalistic.
Homo Erectus
Most recent humans, extremely strong, looks would be similar to a troll. Around for several 100 thousand years. Went extinct around 20-30 thousand years ago.
Neanderthals
Modern Humans
Homo Sapiens
hominid from the Australopithecus afarensis species
Lucy
Marsupials don’t have
placenta
process by which unrelated or distantly related organisms evolve similar body forms, coloration, organs, and adaptations.
Convergent Evolution
operculum
gill flap
big lizard from australia
tuatara
Beaded Lizard, stocky built, brightly colored scales and slow moving, poisonous and will bite and hold on, Chewing.
Gila monster
large lizard and can/will attack if provoked, bacteria in their saliva can kill.
Komodo Dragon
can break off its tail and escape, can close its eyes unlike snakes.
Joint snake or Glass Lizard
Pretty red/yellow/black, similar to cobra poison (neural) (a mimic snake exists red/black/yellow-king snake)
Coral snake
pit in their face that detects heat, between nostril and eyes.
Pit Vipers
have large fangs that fold back into the mouth, blood and muscle destroyer venom
Cotton Mouth
are stocky and 2-foot-long, brown and hourglass shapes on its back
Copper Heads