Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 examples of disasters?

A

Natural or accidental man-made, traumatic or explosions, biological, chemical, conflict based

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2
Q

Natural or accidental man-made disasters

A

hurricane or a fire

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3
Q

Traumatic or explosive disasters

A

bomb or a crash

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4
Q

Biological disaster

A

bioterrorism or communicable diseases

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5
Q

All hazards approach

A

regardless of type of disaster, you will use the same disaster management approach to provide consistency to the addressing situation

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6
Q

What are the phases of the disaster management approach?

A

Prevention/Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery/Rehabilitation

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7
Q

Prevention methods of the disaster management approach

A

perform a community assessment, identify risks at individual and community level, develop plan for alternative housing, risk reduction activities, plan for evacuation, public policy, community education

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8
Q

Preparedness methods of the disaster management approach

A

Policy, communication, obtaining equipment and supplies, and training, sheltering, first air, and emergency transport

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9
Q

Response methods of the disaster management approach

A

Provide both physical and mental health care, triage, management of scarce resources, infection control, continuous monitoring

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10
Q

Recovery/rehab methods of the disaster management approach

A

continued care and support, monitoring, referrals, assist with re-establishing infrastructure, evaluation that leads to changes in prevention

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11
Q

Vulnerable populations during a disaster

A

children, limited english proficiency, mentally disabled, pregnant women, homeless persons, home bound elderly, physically disabled

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12
Q

considerations for vulnerable populations during a disaster

A

basic supplies (at least 3 days), medication, medical equipment, assistive devices, pets, literacy level and language, transportation for evacuation or to shelters, shelters, sheltering in place

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13
Q

What should be done in regards to language and literacy level with vulnerable populations?

A

try and get out early warning in multiple languages

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14
Q

IPREPARE

A

investigate potential exposures, present work, residence, environmental concerns, past work, activities, resources, educate

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15
Q

Investigate potential exposures

A

Have you ever felt sick after encountering a chemical or substance? Do you have symptoms that improve when you leave home or work?

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16
Q

Present Work

A

Are you exposed to solvents, dust, radiation at work? Do you know where material safety data is at work? Do you wear PPE?

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17
Q

Residence

A

When was your home built? Type of heating? Water type? How do you store chemicals?

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18
Q

Environmental concerns

A

What type of industries are by your home? Do you live near a landfill? How do you store chemicals?

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19
Q

Past work

A

Longest job? Ever been in military?

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20
Q

Activities

A

What are your hobbies? Do you burn or melt products? Do you garden/fish? Do you grow your own food? Do you engage in alternative medicine?

21
Q

Educate

A

How to minimize risk; plan for follow up

22
Q

What is recommended in an emergency preparedness kit?

A

water, food, radio, flashlights, batteries, whistle, dust mask, duct tape, moist towelette, garbage bags, plastic ties, wrench or pliers, can opener, local maps, cell phone

23
Q

How much water should be in an emergency preparedness kit?

A

1 gallon per day per person

24
Q

Category A bioterrorism agents

A

high priority, include organisms and toxins that pose the highest risk to the public and national security; easily spread, high death rates, may cause panic, require special action

25
Q

Category B bioterrorism agents

A

moderately easy to spread, result in moderate illness rates and low death rates, require specific enhancements of CDC’s lab capacity and enhance disease monitoring

26
Q

Category C bioterrorism agents

A

include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass spread in the future; easily available, easily produced and spread

27
Q

Anthrax transmission

A

inhalation, digestion, person to person, through skin (naturally found in soil)

28
Q

Anthrax case fatality and incubation period

A

100%; 1 week to 2 months

29
Q

Anthrax s/s & treatment

A

fever, malaise, fatigue, nonproductive cough, body aches, mild chest discomfort; antibiotics, vaccine is only available to military and research lab workers at this time

30
Q

What is botulism?

A

a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by toxin made by Clostridium botulinum

31
Q

Botulism transmission

A

naturally occurring, foodborne, infant, wound contact, unnatural, inhaled form

32
Q

Botulism case fatality and incubation

A

5 - 10%; typically 12 - 36 hours but can be from 6 hours - 10 days

33
Q

Botulism s/s and treatment

A

difficulty swallowing or speaking, dry mouth, double/blurred vision, dilated/nonreactive pupils, drooping eyelids, symmetric and descending weakness, weak RR, no fever; antitoxin, supportive care (NO VACCINE)

34
Q

What is a plague?

A

disease caused by yersinia pestis, a bacterium found in rodents and their fleas in many areas of the world

35
Q

Plague transmission

A

pneumonic rarely occurs naturally, spread person to person by droplets

36
Q

Plague case fatality and incubation period

A

5-10%; 1 - 3 days

37
Q

Plage s/s and treatment

A

fever, weakness, rapidly developing pneumonia with shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, sometimes bloody or water sputum; antibiotics, vaccine available but efficacy is unknown

38
Q

Smallpox

A

las naturally occurring in 1977 and last case ever in 1978

39
Q

Smallpox transmission

A

spread person to person; contact and droplet

40
Q

Smallpox case fatality and incubation

A

30%; 12 - 14 days

41
Q

Smallpox s/s and treatment

A

high fever (101 - 104), malaise, head and body aches, vomiting, severe rash; no treatment, vaccine available

42
Q

Tularemia (rabbit fever) transmission

A

insect bites, handling ill or dead animals, lab accidents, airborne, naturally occurring but can live in soil for weeks, not spread to person to person

43
Q

Rabbit fever case fatality and incubation

A

2%, 1-14 days

44
Q

Rabbit fever s/s and treatment

A

abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, dry cough, progressive weakness; antibiotics

45
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (ebola, lassa)

A

used to describe a severe multi-system syndrome

46
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fever transmission

A

naturally occuring, multiple types and subtypes, spread person to person

47
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers case fatality and incubation period

A

40 - 50%; 2 - 21 days

48
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers s/s and treatment

A

fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unexplained bleeding or bruising; supportive (no meds or vaccines)