Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Anthropology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of arbitrary vocal symbols we use to encode our experience of the world

A

Language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The scientific study of language

A

Linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Those characteristics of language that, when take. Together, differentiate it from other known animal communication systems

A

Design feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the mastery of adult grammar

A

Linguistic competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A term coined by anthropological linguist Dell Hymes to refer to the mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech

A

Communicative competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A position, associated with Edward Sapir and Benjamin whorf, that assets that language has the power to shape the way people see the world

A

Linguistic relativity principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A set of rules that aim to describe fully the patterns of linguistic usage observed by members of a particular speech community

A

Grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The study of the sound of language

A

Phonology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In linguistics, the study of the minimal units of meaning in a language

A

Morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The study of meaning

A

Semantics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Study of language in the context of its use

A

Pragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stretch of speech longer than a sentence untied by a common theme

A

Discourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both constituted by and constitutive of social interaction

A

Ethnopragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Language with no native speakers that develops a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages

A

Pidgin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A marker of struggles between social groups with different interests, revealed in what people say and how they say it

A

Language ideology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Attempts by linguists and activists to preserve or revive languages with a few native speakers that appear to be on the verge of extinction

A

Language revitalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A framing that is 1. Consciously adopted by the players 2. Somehow pleasurable 3. Systematically related to what is no play by alluding to the no play world and by transforming the objects, roles, actions, relations of the ends and means characteristic of the nonplay world

A

Play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Communication about the process of communication itself

A

Metacommunication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as “play” or “ordinary life”

A

Framing

20
Q

Critically thinking about the way one thinks; reflecting on ones own experience

A

Reflexivity

21
Q

A physical exercise activity that is aggressively competitive within constraints imposed by definition and rules. Sport is a component of culture that is ritually patterned and game like and consists of varying amounts of play, work, and leisure

A

Sport

22
Q

Play with form producing some aesthetically successful transformation representation

A

Art

23
Q

The process in which experience is transformed as it is represented symbolically in a different medium

A

Transformation-representation

24
Q

The patterns of production, distribution, and consumption that members of a society employ to ensure the satisfaction of the basic material survival needs of humans

A

Subsistence strategies

25
Q

Those who gather, fish, or hunt for food

A

Food collectors

26
Q

Those who depend on domesticated plants or animals for food

A

Food producers

27
Q

A form of cultivation based on the technique of clearing uncultivated land, burning the brush, and planting the crops in the ash-enriched soil, which required moving farm plots every few years as the soil becomes exhausted

A

Extensive agriculture

28
Q

A form of cultivation that employs plows, draft animals, irrigation, fertilizer, and such to being much land under cultivation at one time, to use it year after year, and to produce sufficient crop surpluses

A

Intensive agriculture

29
Q

Large scale farming and animal husbandry that is highly dependent on industrial methods of technology and production

A

Mechanized industrial agriculture

30
Q

The part of discipline that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living

A

Economic anthropology

31
Q

Stable and enduring cultural practices that organize social life

A

Institutions

32
Q

The transformation of natures raw materials into a form suitable for human use

A

Production

33
Q

The allocation of goods and services

A

Distribution

34
Q

The using up of material goods necessary for human survival

A

Consumption

35
Q

A formal attempt to explain the workings of capitalist enterprise, with particular attention to distribution

A

Neoclassical economics

36
Q

Patterns according to which distribution takes place: reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange

A

Modes of exchange

37
Q

The exchange of goods and services of equal value. There are three forms: generalized, balanced, and negative

A

Reciprocity

38
Q

Mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contribution from all members of the group and to redistribute them in such way that every group member is provided for

A

Redistribution.

39
Q

The exchange of goods (trade) calculated in terms of a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard of value (money) and carried on by means of supply-demand-price mechanism (the market)

A

Market exchange

40
Q

The activity linking human social groups to the material world around them, from the point view of Karl Marx, labor is therefore always social labor

A

Labor

41
Q

A specific, historically occurring set of social relations which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge

A

Mode of production.

42
Q

The tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature

A

Means of production.

43
Q

The social relations linking the people who use the given means of production with tin a particular mode of production

A

Relations of production

44
Q

A worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live

A

Ideology

45
Q

The study of the ways in which living species relate to one another and to their natural environments

A

Ecology

46
Q

The particular mix of plant and animal species occupying any region of the earth

A

Ecozone

47
Q

The condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs

A

Affluence

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions