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Cultural Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology

A

The study of human nature, human society, and the human past

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2
Q

Holism

A

Characteristic of Anthro perspective that describes how Anthro tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and activities

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3
Q

Comparison

A

Characteristic of Anthro perspective that requires anthropologists to consider similarities and differences in a wide range of societies before making generalizations

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4
Q

Evolution

A

Required anthropologists to place observations about human nature, society, and the past in temporal framework that takes into consideration change over time

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5
Q

Culture

A

Set of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire

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6
Q

Biocultural organisms

A

Defining features are codetermined by biological and cultural factors

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7
Q

Material culture

A

Objects created or shaped by humans and given meaning through culture

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8
Q

Races

A

Social grouping that allegedly reflect biological differences

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9
Q

Racism

A

Systematic Oppression of a “race” by another “race” that is justified by supposed superiority

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10
Q

Biological anthropology

A

Specialty of Anthro that looks at human beings as biological organisms and seeks to learn about differing characteristics

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11
Q

Primatology

A

Study of nonhuman primates

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12
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

The search for fossilized remains of humanities ancestors

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13
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

Speciality of Anthro that shows variations in beliefs and behaviors of members that is shaped by culture

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14
Q

Sex

A

Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, male and female

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15
Q

Gender

A

The cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex

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16
Q

Fieldwork

A

Extended period of close involvement w/ people whose language or life anthropologists are interested. They collect data

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17
Q

Informants

A

People who work w/ anthropologists and provide them insight

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18
Q

Ethnography

A

Written or filmed description of particular culture

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19
Q

Ethnology

A

Comparative study of two or more cultures

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20
Q

Language

A

Vocal symbols used to encode experiences

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21
Q

Linguistic anthropology

A

Speciality of Anthro concerned with study of language

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22
Q

Archaeology

A

Analysis of material remains left by earlier societies

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23
Q

Applied anthropology

A

Subfield of Anthro that uses info gather from other anthropological specialties

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24
Q

Medical anthropology

A

Concerned w/ human health

25
Q

Socialization

A

How people living together cope with behavioral rules established by their societies

26
Q

Enculturation

A

People living in the same culture coming to terms with ways of thinking/feeling that is considered appropriate to their culture

27
Q

Symbol

A

Something that stands for something else

28
Q

Human agency

A

The excessive of at least some control over their lives by human beings

29
Q

Coevolution

A

Relationship between biological processes and symbolical cultural processes

30
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief your way of living is better and correct

31
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically and things have meaning

32
Q

Participant observation

A

Method anthropologists use by living as closely as possible to area of study

33
Q

Positivism

A

View that there is reality “out there” that can be known through the five senses and a single set of scientific methods for investigating reality

34
Q

Objective knowledge

A

Absolute and true knowledge of reality

35
Q

Intersubjective meanings

A

Shared, public symbolic systems of a culture

36
Q

Reflexivity

A

Critically thinking about the way one thinks. Reflecting

37
Q

Multisited fieldwork

A

Research not contained by social,ethnic, or national boundaries

38
Q

Dialect of fieldwork

A

Process of building bridge of understanding between anthropologist and informant

39
Q

Culture shock

A

Panic in unfamiliar society

40
Q

Capitalism

A

Supply-demand price mechanism

41
Q

Colonialism

A

Cultural domination with enforced social change

42
Q

Political economy

A

Holistic term emphasizing centrality of economy and politics to protect and enhance that interest

43
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Persistence of social/economical entanglements linking former colonial territories to formed rulers despite sovereignty

44
Q

Typology

A

Classification system based on forms of human society

45
Q

Uni lineal cultural evolutionism

A

19th century theory proposing series of stages all society must go through to reach civilization

46
Q

Social structure

A

Ensuring aspects of social forms in society, including its political and kinship systems

47
Q

Band

A

Characteristic firm of social organization found among foragers, usually 50 or fewer members

48
Q

Tribe

A

Larger than band, farm or herd for living, egalitarian

49
Q

Chiefdom

A

Social organization when a leader and his relatives are set apart from rest of society and given privileges

50
Q

State

A

Stratified society that has territory and defended from enemies with army and has police. Run by elite

51
Q

Structural functional theory

A

Position that explores how particular social forms function from day to day in order to reproduce the traditional structure of society

52
Q

Cultural traits

A

Particular features or parts of a cultural tradition, such as dance, a ritual, or style of pottery

53
Q

Cultural area

A

Limits of borrowing or the diffusion of particular cultural trait

54
Q

Species

A

Reproductive communi tutte of population that occupies specific niche in nature

55
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable, measurable outward characteristics of organisms

56
Q

Cline

A

Gradual intergradation of genetic variation from population to population

57
Q

Globalization

A

Reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces

58
Q

Cyborg anthropology

A

Based on notion of organism-machine hybrids, that offers new model for challenging rigid social/political/economic boundaries that have been used to separate people by gender and sex/class proclaimed as natural

59
Q

Science studies

A

Explores interconnections among sociocultural, political, economic, and historic conditions that make scientific research possible

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

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