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Cultural Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology

A

The study of human nature, human society, and the human past

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2
Q

Holism

A

Characteristic of Anthro perspective that describes how Anthro tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and activities

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3
Q

Comparison

A

Characteristic of Anthro perspective that requires anthropologists to consider similarities and differences in a wide range of societies before making generalizations

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4
Q

Evolution

A

Required anthropologists to place observations about human nature, society, and the past in temporal framework that takes into consideration change over time

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5
Q

Culture

A

Set of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire

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6
Q

Biocultural organisms

A

Defining features are codetermined by biological and cultural factors

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7
Q

Material culture

A

Objects created or shaped by humans and given meaning through culture

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8
Q

Races

A

Social grouping that allegedly reflect biological differences

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9
Q

Racism

A

Systematic Oppression of a “race” by another “race” that is justified by supposed superiority

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10
Q

Biological anthropology

A

Specialty of Anthro that looks at human beings as biological organisms and seeks to learn about differing characteristics

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11
Q

Primatology

A

Study of nonhuman primates

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12
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

The search for fossilized remains of humanities ancestors

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13
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

Speciality of Anthro that shows variations in beliefs and behaviors of members that is shaped by culture

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14
Q

Sex

A

Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, male and female

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15
Q

Gender

A

The cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex

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16
Q

Fieldwork

A

Extended period of close involvement w/ people whose language or life anthropologists are interested. They collect data

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17
Q

Informants

A

People who work w/ anthropologists and provide them insight

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18
Q

Ethnography

A

Written or filmed description of particular culture

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19
Q

Ethnology

A

Comparative study of two or more cultures

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20
Q

Language

A

Vocal symbols used to encode experiences

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21
Q

Linguistic anthropology

A

Speciality of Anthro concerned with study of language

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22
Q

Archaeology

A

Analysis of material remains left by earlier societies

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23
Q

Applied anthropology

A

Subfield of Anthro that uses info gather from other anthropological specialties

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24
Q

Medical anthropology

A

Concerned w/ human health

25
Socialization
How people living together cope with behavioral rules established by their societies
26
Enculturation
People living in the same culture coming to terms with ways of thinking/feeling that is considered appropriate to their culture
27
Symbol
Something that stands for something else
28
Human agency
The excessive of at least some control over their lives by human beings
29
Coevolution
Relationship between biological processes and symbolical cultural processes
30
Ethnocentrism
Belief your way of living is better and correct
31
Cultural relativism
Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically and things have meaning
32
Participant observation
Method anthropologists use by living as closely as possible to area of study
33
Positivism
View that there is reality "out there" that can be known through the five senses and a single set of scientific methods for investigating reality
34
Objective knowledge
Absolute and true knowledge of reality
35
Intersubjective meanings
Shared, public symbolic systems of a culture
36
Reflexivity
Critically thinking about the way one thinks. Reflecting
37
Multisited fieldwork
Research not contained by social,ethnic, or national boundaries
38
Dialect of fieldwork
Process of building bridge of understanding between anthropologist and informant
39
Culture shock
Panic in unfamiliar society
40
Capitalism
Supply-demand price mechanism
41
Colonialism
Cultural domination with enforced social change
42
Political economy
Holistic term emphasizing centrality of economy and politics to protect and enhance that interest
43
Neocolonialism
Persistence of social/economical entanglements linking former colonial territories to formed rulers despite sovereignty
44
Typology
Classification system based on forms of human society
45
Uni lineal cultural evolutionism
19th century theory proposing series of stages all society must go through to reach civilization
46
Social structure
Ensuring aspects of social forms in society, including its political and kinship systems
47
Band
Characteristic firm of social organization found among foragers, usually 50 or fewer members
48
Tribe
Larger than band, farm or herd for living, egalitarian
49
Chiefdom
Social organization when a leader and his relatives are set apart from rest of society and given privileges
50
State
Stratified society that has territory and defended from enemies with army and has police. Run by elite
51
Structural functional theory
Position that explores how particular social forms function from day to day in order to reproduce the traditional structure of society
52
Cultural traits
Particular features or parts of a cultural tradition, such as dance, a ritual, or style of pottery
53
Cultural area
Limits of borrowing or the diffusion of particular cultural trait
54
Species
Reproductive communi tutte of population that occupies specific niche in nature
55
Phenotype
Observable, measurable outward characteristics of organisms
56
Cline
Gradual intergradation of genetic variation from population to population
57
Globalization
Reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces
58
Cyborg anthropology
Based on notion of organism-machine hybrids, that offers new model for challenging rigid social/political/economic boundaries that have been used to separate people by gender and sex/class proclaimed as natural
59
Science studies
Explores interconnections among sociocultural, political, economic, and historic conditions that make scientific research possible

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

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