EXAM 2 Flashcards
What is the fick equation?
VO2 = HRxSVx A-VO2 diff
Q
cardiac output
A-VO2 diff
the arterial-venous oxygen difference
What regulates cardiac output
Heart rate and stroke volume
what factors regulate stroke volume
Preload:
Contractility:
Afterload:
Preload:
The filling pressure of the heart at the end of diastole.
Contractility:
The inherent vigor of contraction of the heart muscles during systole.
Afterload
: The pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole.
diastole
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood
systole
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
things affect A-VO2 diff
mitochondria and an increase in the muscle’s myoglobin content
What happens to a person’s blood after prolonged exercise?
High blood pressure due to the sweat lost so there will be a higher concentration of solute in the the plasma which will draw water away from the body and increase the overall volume which will decrease the ability of the heart to pump blood into the body.
parts of the ECG
- P wave: atrial
- QRS wave:
- T wave:
- ST segment
- P wave:
atrial depolarization (started by SA node)
- QRS wave:
ventricular depolarization (passed by AV node) and atrial repolarization
- T wave
ventricular repolarization
- ST segment depression
can indicate myocardial ischemia
functions of the respiratory system
- Inhalation and Exhalation.
- External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream.
- Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues.
vital capacity
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
forced expiratory volume
measures how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath.
MET
One MET is defined as 1 kcal/kg/hour and is roughly equivalent to the energy cost of sitting quietly
Mechanical power can be expressed by
meterkgmin-1
rate of energy expenditure can be measured by
Lpermin
ml times kg per min
kcal per min
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
frank starling law of the heart
states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant
the respiratory control center is located in
the medulla oblongata
dalton’s law
the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
afterload
the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
myocardial ischemia
insufficient blood flow to the myocardium
