EXAM 2

Question 1

What is the fick equation?

Answer 1

VO2 = HRxSVx A-VO2 diff

Question 2

Q

Answer 2

cardiac output

Question 3

A-VO2 diff

Answer 3

the arterial-venous oxygen difference

Question 4

What regulates cardiac output

Answer 4

Heart rate and stroke volume

Question 5

what factors regulate stroke volume

Answer 5

Preload:
Contractility:
Afterload:

Question 6

Preload:

Answer 6

The filling pressure of the heart at the end of diastole.

Question 7

Contractility:

Answer 7

The inherent vigor of contraction of the heart muscles during systole.

Question 8

Afterload

Answer 8

: The pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole.

Question 9

diastole

Answer 9

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood

Question 10

systole

Answer 10

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Question 11

things affect A-VO2 diff

Answer 11

mitochondria and an increase in the muscle’s myoglobin content

Question 12

What happens to a person’s blood after prolonged exercise?

Answer 12

High blood pressure due to the sweat lost so there will be a higher concentration of solute in the the plasma which will draw water away from the body and increase the overall volume which will decrease the ability of the heart to pump blood into the body.

Question 13

parts of the ECG

Answer 13

• P wave: atrial
• QRS wave:
• T wave:
• ST segment

Question 14

• P wave:

Answer 14

atrial depolarization (started by SA node)

Question 15

• QRS wave:

Answer 15

ventricular depolarization (passed by AV node) and atrial repolarization

Question 16

• T wave

Answer 16

ventricular repolarization

Question 17

• ST segment depression

Answer 17

can indicate myocardial ischemia

Question 18

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 18

• Inhalation and Exhalation.
• External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream.
• Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues.

Question 19

vital capacity

Answer 19

the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.

Question 20

forced expiratory volume

Answer 20

measures how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath.

Question 21

MET

Answer 21

One MET is defined as 1 kcal/kg/hour and is roughly equivalent to the energy cost of sitting quietly

Question 22

Mechanical power can be expressed by

Answer 22

meterkgmin-1

Question 23

rate of energy expenditure can be measured by

Answer 23

Lpermin
ml times kg per min
kcal per min

Question 24

pulse pressure

Answer 24

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Question 25

frank starling law of the heart

Answer 25

states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant

Question 26

the respiratory control center is located in

Answer 26

the medulla oblongata

Question 27

dalton’s law

Answer 27

the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Question 28

afterload

Answer 28

the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole

Question 29

myocardial ischemia

Answer 29

insufficient blood flow to the myocardium